Модель: If + Past Perfect → would have + V3. Используем для нереальных условий в прошлом и их воображаемых результатов.
Как образуется
- Условие (if‑clause): Past Perfect — If it had rained
- Главное предложение (result): would have + V3 — I would have stayed at home
Если бы пошёл дождь, я бы остался дома.
If it had rained, I would have stayed at home.
Порядок частей
Обе части можно менять местами. Если if‑clause стоит первой, ставим запятую.
If you had studied, you would have passed.
You would have passed if you had studied.
Отрицание и вопросы
- Отрицание: If he hadn’t called, I wouldn’t have gone.
- Вопрос: What would you have done if it had snowed?
Когда ещё используем
- could/might/should have вместо would have: If it had been late, we might have taken a taxi.
- С unless («если не»): We wouldn’t have gone unless it had been necessary.
- Смешанные условные (result в настоящем): If I had slept more, I would feel better now.
Типичные ошибки
| ❌ If it would have rained, we would have canceled. | ✅ If it had rained, we would have canceled. |
| ❌ I wouldn’t have come if he wouldn’t have called. | ✅ I wouldn’t have come if he hadn’t called. |
| ❌ Past Simple в if-части: If he didn’t call, … | ✅ В if-части — Past Perfect: If he hadn’t called, … |
Ещё примеры
Если бы у меня было время, я бы помог тебе.
If I had had time, I would have helped you.
Если бы ты учился усерднее, ты бы сдал.
If you had studied harder, you would have passed.
Если бы они жили ближе, мы бы видели их чаще.
If they had lived closer, we would have seen them more often.
Если бы приложение было быстрее, я бы пользовался им чаще.
If the app had been faster, I would have used it more often.
Структура: If + Past Perfect → would have + V3
Нереальные условия о прошлом
Без would have в if-части