Modal Verbs: sætninger, øvelser, tests og eksempler

Modal Verbs bruger

I dette emne bruger vi must, have to, don’t have to og mustn’t til at tale om forpligtelse, nødvendighed, ingen nødvendighed og forbud.

I must finish this report today.
Jeg skal gøre denne rapport færdig i dag.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Vi er nødt til at tage afsted tidligt i morgen.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Du behøver ikke at tage mad med.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Besøgende må ikke røre malerierne.

Modal Verbs Form

Must er et modalverbum. Efter must og mustn’t bruger vi verbet i grundform (V1) uden to. Have to er en anden struktur: det efterfølges også af et verbum, men formen af have ændrer sig: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
Hun må ringe til dem nu.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
Han skal bære uniform på arbejdet.
They had to cancel the meeting.
De var nødt til at aflyse mødet.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Vi behøvede ikke vente længe.

Modal Verbs Regel

  • Must bruges til en stærk nødvendighed eller forpligtelse. Det viser ofte talerens egen beslutning, stærke følelse eller en meget vigtig regel.
    I must talk to her today.
    Jeg må tale med hende i dag.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Passagerer skal bære sikkerhedsseler.
  • Have to bruges normalt, når forpligtelsen kommer udefra: fra regler, tidsplaner, arbejde, skole, en situation eller en anden person.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Jeg skal op klokken seks på arbejde.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    Hun skal vise sit ID ved indgangen.
  • Til forpligtelse i datid bruger vi normalt had to. Vi bruger normalt ikke must til at tale om forpligtelse i datiden.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Må ikke betyder forbud: det er ikke tilladt. Det er ikke bare et råd, men en regel, et forbud eller en meget stærk instruks om ikke at gøre noget.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Du må ikke parkere her.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Elever må ikke bruge deres telefoner under prøven.
  • Behøver ikke betyder ingen nødvendighed. Dette er vigtigt: behøver ikke betyder ikke forbud. Du kan udføre handlingen, men det er ikke nødvendigt.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • Efter must og mustn’t bruger vi kun V1 uden to. Efter have to bruger vi også hovedverbet i grundform, men selve konstruktionen indeholder to.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Must ændrer sig ikke med subjektet: I must, she must, they must. Men have to ændrer sig: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • I spørgsmål med must kommer verbet før subjektet: Must I ...? Men i dagligdags engelsk er spørgsmål med have to ofte mere naturlige: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Skal jeg gøre dette færdigt nu?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Skal vi booke på forhånd?

Modal Verbs Negation

Der er to forskellige slags negative betydninger i dette emne. Må ikke = det er ikke tilladt, et forbud. Behøvede ikke / behøver ikke / behøvede ikke at = det var / er ikke nødvendigt, så der er ingen forpligtelse.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Du må ikke fortælle nogen om det her.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
Han behøver ikke at arbejde om søndagen.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Vi behøvede ikke at betale for parkering.

Modal Verbs Spørgsmål

Spørgsmål med must dannes uden do. Spørgsmål med have to dannes med do / does / did.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Skal jeg skrive under her?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Skal du have slips på på arbejdet?
Does she have to come with us?
Skal hun komme med os?
Did they have to wait outside?
Måtte de vente udenfor?

Modal Verbs Typiske fejl

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Sætninger

I must remember to call my dentist.
Jeg må huske at ringe til min tandlæge.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Vi skal skifte tog i Berlin.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Du behøver ikke skynde dig; vi har stadig tid.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Besøgende må ikke fodre dyrene.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
Hun skal have briller på for at læse.
Must we bring our passports?
Skal vi tage vores pas med?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
De måtte overnatte i lufthavnen.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
Han behøver ikke lave mad i aften.
You mustn’t open this door.
Du må ikke åbne denne dør.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Skal jeg udfylde alle felterne?

Modal Verbs Eksempler

I must finish this email before lunch.
Jeg skal gøre denne e-mail færdig inden frokost.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Min bror skal rejse meget i forbindelse med sit arbejde.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Du behøver ikke at tage en gave med til festen.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Medarbejdere må ikke dele deres adgangskoder med nogen.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Vi måtte gå, fordi der ikke var nogen taxaer.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
Skal han have jakkesæt på hver dag?
You must be quiet in the library.
Du skal være stille på biblioteket.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Jeg behøver ikke arbejde denne lørdag.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Elever må ikke kopiere svar under eksamen.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Hvorfor var de nødt til at gå så tidligt?

Engelske grammatikøvelser tilgængelige i appen

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural