Modal Verbs: mga pangungusap, pagsasanay, pagsusulit at halimbawa

Modal Verbs ginagamit

Sa paksang ito, ginagamit natin ang must, have to, don’t have to, at mustn’t upang pag-usapan ang obligasyon, pangangailangan, kawalan ng pangangailangan, at pagbabawal.

I must finish this report today.
Kailangan kong tapusin ang ulat na ito ngayon.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Kailangan nating umalis nang maaga bukas.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Hindi mo kailangang magdala ng anumang pagkain.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Hindi dapat hawakan ng mga bisita ang mga pintura.

Modal Verbs Porma

Ang must ay isang modal na pandiwa. Pagkatapos ng must at mustn’t, ginagamit natin ang batayang anyo ng pandiwa (V1) nang walang to. Ang have to ay ibang estruktura: sinusundan din ito ng isang pandiwa, ngunit nagbabago ang anyo ng have: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
Dapat niya silang tawagan ngayon.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
Kailangan niyang magsuot ng uniporme sa trabaho.
They had to cancel the meeting.
Kinailangan nilang kanselahin ang pulong.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Hindi namin kinailangang maghintay nang matagal.

Modal Verbs Batas

  • Ginagamit ang must para sa isang matinding pangangailangan o obligasyon. Madalas nitong ipinapakita ang sariling pasya ng nagsasalita, matinding damdamin, o isang napakahalagang tuntunin.
    I must talk to her today.
    Kailangan kong kausapin siya ngayon.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Dapat magsuot ng seat belt ang mga pasahero.
  • Ang have to ay karaniwang ginagamit kapag ang obligasyon ay nanggagaling mula sa labas: mula sa mga patakaran, iskedyul, trabaho, paaralan, isang sitwasyon, o ibang tao.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Kailangan kong bumangon ng alas-sais para sa trabaho.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    Kailangan niyang ipakita ang kanyang ID sa pasukan.
  • Para sa nakaraang obligasyon, karaniwan nating ginagamit ang had to. Karaniwan ay hindi natin ginagamit ang must upang pag-usapan ang obligasyon sa nakaraan.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Ang Mustn’t ay nangangahulugang pagbabawal: hindi ito pinapayagan. Hindi lamang ito payo, kundi isang tuntunin, isang pagbabawal, o isang napakatinding tagubilin na huwag gawin ang isang bagay.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Hindi ka dapat pumarada rito.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Hindi dapat gamitin ng mga estudyante ang kanilang mga telepono habang may pagsusulit.
  • Ang don’t have to ay nangangahulugang hindi kinakailangan. Mahalaga ito: ang don’t have to ay hindi nangangahulugang pagbabawal. Maaari mong gawin ang kilos, ngunit hindi ito kinakailangan.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • Pagkatapos ng must at mustn’t, V1 lamang ang ginagamit natin nang walang to. Pagkatapos ng have to, ginagamit din natin ang pangunahing pandiwa sa batayang anyo nito, ngunit ang mismong estruktura ay may kasamang to.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Ang must ay hindi nagbabago ayon sa simuno: I must, she must, they must. Ngunit ang have to ay nagbabago: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • Sa mga tanong na may must, nauuna ang pandiwa kaysa sa simuno: Must I ...? Pero sa pang-araw-araw na Ingles, mas natural kadalasan ang mga tanong na may have to: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Kailangan ko bang tapusin ito ngayon?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Kailangan ba naming mag-book nang maaga?

Modal Verbs Pagtanggi

May dalawang magkaibang uri ng negatibong kahulugan sa paksang ito. Mustn’t = hindi pinapayagan, isang pagbabawal. Don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to = hindi / hindi kinakailangan noon, kaya walang obligasyon.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Hindi mo dapat sabihin ito kahit kanino.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
Hindi niya kailangang magtrabaho tuwing Linggo.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Hindi namin kinailangang magbayad para sa paradahan.

Modal Verbs Mga tanong

Ang mga tanong na may must ay binubuo nang walang do. Ang mga tanong na may have to ay binubuo gamit ang do / does / did.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Kailangan ko bang pumirma dito?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Kailangan mo bang magsuot ng kurbata sa trabaho?
Does she have to come with us?
Kailangan ba niyang sumama sa amin?
Did they have to wait outside?
Kinailangan ba nilang maghintay sa labas?

Modal Verbs Karaniwang pagkakamali

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Mga pangungusap

I must remember to call my dentist.
Dapat kong tandaan na tawagan ang aking dentista.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Kailangan nating magpalit ng tren sa Berlin.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Hindi mo kailangang magmadali; may oras pa tayo.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Hindi dapat pakainin ng mga bisita ang mga hayop.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
Kailangan niyang magsuot ng salamin kapag nagbabasa.
Must we bring our passports?
Kailangan ba naming dalhin ang aming mga pasaporte?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
Kinailangan nilang manatili sa paliparan magdamag.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
Hindi niya kailangang magluto ngayong gabi.
You mustn’t open this door.
Hindi mo dapat buksan ang pintuang ito.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Kailangan ko bang punan ang lahat ng kahon?

Modal Verbs Mga halimbawa

I must finish this email before lunch.
Kailangan kong tapusin ang email na ito bago magtanghalian.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Kailangang bumiyahe nang madalas ang kapatid kong lalaki para sa trabaho.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Hindi mo kailangang magdala ng regalo sa party.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Hindi dapat ibahagi ng mga empleyado ang kanilang mga password kaninuman.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Kinailangan naming maglakad dahil walang mga taxi.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
Kailangan ba niyang magsuot ng amerikana at pantalon araw-araw?
You must be quiet in the library.
Kailangan mong manahimik sa silid-aklatan.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Hindi ko kailangang magtrabaho ngayong Sabado.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Hindi dapat mangopya ng mga sagot ang mga estudyante sa panahon ng pagsusulit.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Bakit kinailangan nilang umalis nang napakaaga?

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Tenses

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Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

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