Modal Verbs: gaplar, mashqlar, testlar va misollar

Modal Verbs foydalanamiz

Bu mavzuda biz must, have to, don’t have to va mustn’t ni majburiyat, zarurat, zarurat yo‘qligi va taqiq haqida gapirish uchun ishlatamiz.

I must finish this report today.
Men bu hisobotni bugun tugatishim kerak.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Ertaga erta ketishimiz kerak.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Hech qanday ovqat olib kelishingiz shart emas.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Mehmonlar rasmlarga tegmasliklari kerak.

Modal Verbs Forma

Must modal fe’ldir. Must va mustn’t dan keyin biz fe’lning asosiy shaklini (V1) tosiz ishlatamiz. Have to boshqa tuzilma: undan keyin ham fe’l keladi, lekin have ning shakli o‘zgaradi: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
U hozir ularga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishi kerak.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
U ishda forma kiyishi kerak.
They had to cancel the meeting.
Ular uchrashuvni bekor qilishga majbur bo‘lishdi.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Biz uzoq kutishimizga to‘g‘ri kelmadi.

Modal Verbs Qoidalar

  • Must kuchli zarurat yoki majburiyat uchun ishlatiladi. U ko‘pincha so‘zlovchining o‘z qarorini, kuchli hissiyotini yoki juda muhim qoidani bildiradi.
    I must talk to her today.
    Men bugun u bilan gaplashishim kerak.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Yo‘lovchilar xavfsizlik kamarlarini taqishlari shart.
  • Have to odatda majburiyat tashqaridan kelganda ishlatiladi: qoidalar, jadvallar, ish, maktab, vaziyat yoki boshqa odamdan.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Men ish uchun soat oltida turishim kerak.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    U kirishda shaxsini tasdiqlovchi hujjatini ko‘rsatishi kerak.
  • O‘tmishdagi majburiyat uchun biz odatda had to dan foydalanamiz. Odatda o‘tmishdagi majburiyat haqida gapirganda must ni ishlatmaymiz.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Mustn’t taqiqni anglatadi: bunga ruxsat berilmaydi. Bu shunchaki maslahat emas, balki qoida, taqiq yoki biror ishni qilmaslik haqidagi juda kuchli ko‘rsatmadir.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Bu yerga mashina qo‘yish mumkin emas.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Talabalar test davomida telefonlaridan foydalanmasliklari kerak.
  • Shart emas degani zarurat yo‘q degan ma’noni anglatadi. Bu muhim: shart emas taqiqni anglatmaydi. Siz bu ishni qilishingiz mumkin, lekin bu zarur emas.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • Must va mustn’t dan keyin biz faqat V1 ni to siz ishlatamiz. Have to dan keyin ham asosiy fe’lni uning boshlang‘ich shaklida ishlatamiz, ammo tuzilmaning o‘zida to mavjud bo‘ladi.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Must ega bilan o‘zgarmaydi: I must, she must, they must. Ammo have to o‘zgaradi: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • must bilan tuzilgan savollarda fe’l egadan oldin keladi: Must I ...? Ammo kundalik ingliz tilida have to bilan tuzilgan savollar ko‘pincha tabiiyroq eshitiladi: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Men buni hozir tugatishim kerakmi?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Oldindan bron qilishimiz kerakmi?

Modal Verbs Inkor

Bu mavzuda inkor ma’nosining ikki xil turi bor. Mustn’t = ruxsat etilmaydi, taqiq. Don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to = bu kerak emas edi / emas, shuning uchun majburiyat yo‘q.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Bu haqda hech kimga aytmasliging kerak.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
U yakshanba kunlari ishlashi shart emas.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Biz mashina turargohi uchun to‘lashimiz shart emas edi.

Modal Verbs Savollar

must bilan savollar dosiz yasaladi. have to bilan savollar esa do / does / did bilan yasaladi.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Bu yerga imzo qo‘yishim shartmi?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Ishda galstuk taqishingiz shartmi?
Does she have to come with us?
U biz bilan birga kelishi shartmi?
Did they have to wait outside?
Ular tashqarida kutishlari kerak edimi?

Modal Verbs Odatdagi xatolar

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Gaplar

I must remember to call my dentist.
Men tish shifokorimga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishni eslab qolishim kerak.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Biz Berlinda poyezdni almashtirishimiz kerak.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Shoshilishingiz shart emas; hali vaqtimiz bor.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Tashrif buyuruvchilar hayvonlarni boqmasliklari kerak.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
U o‘qish uchun ko‘zoynak taqishi kerak.
Must we bring our passports?
Pasportlarimizni olib kelishimiz kerakmi?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
Ular aeroportda tunab qolishlariga to‘g‘ri keldi.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
U bugun kechqurun ovqat pishirishi shart emas.
You mustn’t open this door.
Bu eshikni ochmasligingiz kerak.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Men barcha katakchalarni to‘ldirishim kerakmi?

Modal Verbs Misollar

I must finish this email before lunch.
Men bu elektron xatni tushlikdan oldin tugatishim kerak.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Akam ish uchun ko‘p sayohat qilishi kerak.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Bazmga sovg‘a olib kelishingiz shart emas.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Xodimlar parollarini hech kim bilan bo‘lishmasliklari kerak.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Biz piyoda yurishga majbur bo‘ldik, chunki taksilar yo‘q edi.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
U har kuni kostyum kiyishi kerakmi?
You must be quiet in the library.
Kutubxonada tinch bo‘lishingiz kerak.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Bu shanba kuni ishlashim shart emas.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Talabalar imtihon paytida javoblarni ko‘chirmasliklari kerak.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Nega ular shunchalik erta ketishlari kerak edi?

Ilovada mavjud ingliz tili grammatikasi mashqlari

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural