Modal Verbs: реченице, вежбе, тестови и примери

Modal Verbs koristimo

U ovoj temi koristimo must, have to, don’t have to i mustn’t da govorimo o obavezi, nužnosti, nepostojanju potrebe i zabrani.

I must finish this report today.
Moram danas da završim ovaj izveštaj.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Морамо сутра да кренемо рано.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Не мораш да донесеш никакву храну.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Posetioci ne smeju da dodiruju slike.

Modal Verbs Форма

Must je modalni glagol. Posle must i mustn’t, koristimo osnovni oblik glagola (V1) bez to. Have to je drugačija struktura: i posle nje takođe ide glagol, ali se oblik glagola have menja: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
Она мора да их позове сада.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
On mora da nosi uniformu na poslu.
They had to cancel the meeting.
Морали су да откажу састанак.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Нисмо морали дуго да чекамо.

Modal Verbs Правило

  • Must se koristi za jaku potrebu ili obavezu. Često pokazuje govornikovu sopstvenu odluku, snažno osećanje, ili veoma važno pravilo.
    I must talk to her today.
    Морам данас да разговарам с њом.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Putnici moraju vezati sigurnosne pojaseve.
  • Morati se obično koristi kada obaveza dolazi spolja: iz pravila, rasporeda, posla, škole, situacije ili od druge osobe.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Moram da ustanem u šest zbog posla.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    Она мора да покаже своју личну карту на улазу.
  • Za obavezu u prošlosti obično koristimo had to. Obično ne koristimo must kada govorimo o obavezi u prošlosti.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Mustn’t znači zabranu: nije dozvoljeno. To nije samo savet, već pravilo, zabrana ili veoma snažno uputstvo da se nešto ne uradi.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Не смеш да паркираш овде.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Učenici ne smeju da koriste svoje telefone tokom testa.
  • Ne morati znači da nema potrebe. Ovo je važno: don’t have to ne znači zabranu. Možete izvršiti radnju, ali to nije neophodno.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • Posle must i mustn’t, koristimo samo V1 bez to. Posle have to, takođe koristimo glavni glagol u njegovom osnovnom obliku, ali sama struktura uključuje to.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Must se ne menja u zavisnosti od subjekta: I must, she must, they must. Ali have to se menja: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • U pitanjima sa must, glagol dolazi ispred subjekta: Must I ...? Ali u svakodnevnom engleskom, pitanja sa have to često zvuče prirodnije: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Морам ли ово сада да завршим?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Да ли морамо да резервишемо унапред?

Modal Verbs Негација

Постоје две различите врсте негативног значења у овој теми. Mustn’t = није дозвољено, забрана. Don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to = није било / није неопходно, дакле не постоји обавеза.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Не смеш никоме да кажеш ово.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
Он не мора да ради недељом.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Nismo morali da platimo parking.

Modal Verbs Питања

Pitanja sa must tvore se bez do. Pitanja sa have to tvore se uz do / does / did.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Moram li da potpišem ovde?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Da li moraš da nosiš kravatu na poslu?
Does she have to come with us?
Да ли она мора да пође с нама?
Did they have to wait outside?
Да ли су морали да чекају напољу?

Modal Verbs Типичне грешке

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Реченице

I must remember to call my dentist.
Морам да запамтим да позовем свог зубара.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Морамо да преседнемо у Берлину.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Не мораш да журиш; још увек имамо времена.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Posetioci ne smeju da hrane životinje.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
Mora da nosi naočare za čitanje.
Must we bring our passports?
Moramo li poneti naše pasoše?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
Морали су да остану на аеродрому преко ноћи.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
Он не мора да кува вечерас.
You mustn’t open this door.
Не смеш отварати ова врата.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Да ли морам да попуним сва поља?

Modal Verbs Примери

I must finish this email before lunch.
Moram da završim ovaj imejl pre ručka.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Moj brat mora mnogo da putuje zbog posla.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Не мораш да донесеш поклон на журку.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Zaposleni ne smeju da dele svoje lozinke ni sa kim.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Морали смо да пешачимо јер није било таксија.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
Да ли он мора да носи одело сваки дан?
You must be quiet in the library.
Moraš biti tih u biblioteci.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Не морам да радим ове суботе.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Ученици не смеју да преписују одговоре током испита.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Зашто су морали да оду тако рано?

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Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Conditionals

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Sentences

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Verbs

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Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

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Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural