Past Simple: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Past Simple tunatumia

Past Simple hutumika kwa matendo yaliyokamilika zamani, mara nyingi pamoja na wakati uliokwisha (jana, wiki iliyopita, mwaka 2019).

I finished the task yesterday.
Nilikamilisha kazi hiyo jana.

Past Simple Fomu

Subject + V2 / V-ed.

She worked late.
Alifanya kazi hadi usiku sana.
They went home early.
Walirudi nyumbani mapema.

Past Simple Sheria

  • Mara nyingi tunatumia viashiria vya wakati uliopita:
    jana, wiki iliyopita, mwaka 2019, siku mbili zilizopita
    We met last week.
    Tulikutana wiki iliyopita.
    He called two hours ago.
    Alipiga simu saa mbili zilizopita.
  • Kwa vitenzi vya kawaida tunaongeza -ed (pamoja na baadhi ya kanuni za tahajia).
    work → worked, play → played
    like → liked, stop → stopped, study → studied
  • Kanuni za tahajia:
    • Iwapo kitenzi kinaishia kwa -e, ongeza tu -d (like → liked).
    • Ikiwa kitenzi kinaishia kwa konsonanti + -y, badilisha y kuwa i na uongeze -ed (study → studied).
    • Ikiwa kitenzi chenye silabi moja kinaishia kwa konsonanti–irabu–konsonanti, rudufu konsonanti ya mwisho (stop → stopped).
  • Vitenzi visivyo vya kawaida vina umbo maalum la V2:
    go → went, buy → bought
    I bought a new phone.
    Nilinunua simu mpya.
    They went to the office.
    Walienda ofisini.
  • Kitenzi be katika Past Simple: was / were
    I was tired.
    Nilikuwa nimechoka.
    They were at home.
    Walikuwa nyumbani.

Past Simple Kukanusha

  • Kwa vitenzi vingi tunatumia didn't + V1 (kitenzi hubaki katika umbo la msingi baada ya didn't).
    ✅ I didn't go there.
    ❌ I didn't went there.
    She didn't answer the message.
    Hakujibu ujumbe huo.
  • Kwa be tunatumia wasn't / weren't.
    He wasn't ready.
    Hakuwa tayari.
    We weren't in the meeting.
    Hatukuwepo kwenye mkutano.

Past Simple Maswali

Katika maswali yenye vitenzi vingi tunatumia did + V1; na be tunatumia ubadilishaji wa mpangilio (was/were kabla ya kiima).

Did + subject + V?
Wh-word + did + subject + V?
Was / Were + subject ...?

Did you finish the report?
Umemaliza ripoti?
Where did they meet?
Walikutana wapi?
Why did she leave early?
Kwa nini aliondoka mapema?
Was he at home yesterday?
Je, alikuwa nyumbani jana?
Were you busy last night?
Je, ulikuwa na shughuli nyingi jana usiku?

Past Simple Makosa ya kawaida

❌ I didn't went to work.
✅ I didn't go to work.
❌ Did you went there?
✅ Did you go there?
❌ She did a mistake yesterday.
✅ She made a mistake yesterday.

Past Simple Sentensi

Yesterday I finished the report and sent it to my manager.
Jana nilikamilisha ripoti na kuituma kwa meneja wangu.
Last week we visited a new restaurant near the office.
Wiki iliyopita tulitembelea mgahawa mpya karibu na ofisi.
She bought a new laptop two days ago.
Alinunua kompyuta mpakato mpya siku mbili zilizopita.
He called me in the evening and asked about the meeting.
Alinipigia simu jioni na kuniuliza kuhusu mkutano.
They moved to a new apartment last month.
Walihamia kwenye nyumba mpya mwezi uliopita.
We watched an interesting documentary yesterday.
Tulitazama filamu ya hali halisi ya kuvutia jana.
I forgot my password and couldn't log in.
Nilisahau nenosiri langu na sikuweza kuingia.
She finished the project earlier than expected.
Alimaliza mradi mapema kuliko ilivyotarajiwa.
He missed the bus and arrived late for work.
Alikosa basi na akafika kazini akiwa amechelewa.
We met our old friends during the conference.
Tulikutana na marafiki wetu wa zamani wakati wa mkutano.

Past Simple Mifano

I woke up early and went for a short walk.
Niliamka mapema na nikatoka kwenda kutembea kwa muda mfupi.
She forgot her phone at home and came back to get it.
Alisahau simu yake nyumbani na akarudi kuichukua.
They finished the task and started a new project.
Walimaliza kazi hiyo na kuanza mradi mpya.
We discussed the problem and found a simple solution.
Tulijadili tatizo hilo na tukapata suluhisho rahisi.
He opened the email and read the message carefully.
Alifungua barua pepe na kusoma ujumbe huo kwa makini.
I tried the new app and liked its design.
Nilijaribu programu mpya na nilipenda muundo wake.
She arrived late but quickly joined the meeting.
Alifika akiwa amechelewa lakini akaingia haraka kwenye mkutano.
We booked the tickets online and printed them at home.
Tuliweka nafasi za tiketi mtandaoni na kuzichapisha nyumbani.
He checked the code and fixed several small bugs.
Alikagua msimbo na kurekebisha hitilafu kadhaa ndogo.
They organized a small party and invited their friends.
Waliandaa sherehe ndogo na kuwaalika marafiki zao.

Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to