Quantifiers tunatumia
Viambishi vya kiasi ni maneno na vifungu vya maneno vinavyoonyesha kiasi: mengi, kidogo, wachache, ya kutosha, mengi sana, au mengi mno. Husaidia kujibu maswali Kiasi gani? na Ni wangapi?.
There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
Kuna mvua nyingi mno na hakuna jua la kutosha huko London.
Kuna mvua nyingi mno na hakuna jua la kutosha huko London.
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
Nina kazi nyingi sana leo. Kuna majukumu mengi sana na muda hautoshi.
Nina kazi nyingi sana leo. Kuna majukumu mengi sana na muda hautoshi.
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
Kofia ya kijani ilikuwa kubwa mno, lakini kofia ya buluu ilikuwa kubwa vya kutosha.
Kofia ya kijani ilikuwa kubwa mno, lakini kofia ya buluu ilikuwa kubwa vya kutosha.
We have a few apples and a little milk.
Tuna tufaha chache na maziwa kidogo.
Tuna tufaha chache na maziwa kidogo.
Quantifiers Fomu
Kanuni kuu ni hii: kwanza angalia ni aina gani ya nomino uliyo nayo β inayohesabika au isiyohesabika.
| Aina ya nomino | Tumia | Mifano |
| Nomino zinazohesabika | many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | many tasks too many cars a few friends enough chairs |
| Nomino zisizohesabika | much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | much time too much rain a little milk enough money |
countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun
There are too many toys in our son's room.
Kuna vitu vya kuchezea vingi sana katika chumba cha mwana wetu.
Kuna vitu vya kuchezea vingi sana katika chumba cha mwana wetu.
You added too much salt to this soup.
Umeweka chumvi nyingi sana kwenye supu hii.
Umeweka chumvi nyingi sana kwenye supu hii.
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
Tulioka keki za kutosha kwa wageni wote.
Tulioka keki za kutosha kwa wageni wote.
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
Hatukuwa na muda wa kutosha kumaliza mtihani.
Hatukuwa na muda wa kutosha kumaliza mtihani.
Sana mno na vya kutosha pamoja na vivumishi / vielezi
| Fomu | Maana | Mfano |
| too + adjective / adverb | kingi mno, zaidi ya inavyohitajika | This tea is too hot. |
| adjective / adverb + enough | kwa kiasi cha kutosha, tosha | The blue hat was big enough. |
| not + adjective / adverb + enough | si vya kutosha, haitoshi | The Christmas tree isn't tall enough. |
| enough + noun | kiasi / idadi ya kutosha | We have enough money. |
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
Kahawa ni moto sana. Usiinywe haraka sana.
Kahawa ni moto sana. Usiinywe haraka sana.
He plays well enough to win the championship.
Anacheza vizuri vya kutosha kushinda ubingwa.
Anacheza vizuri vya kutosha kushinda ubingwa.
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
Nyumba hii ni ya bei nafuu vya kutosha kwa Mary kuinunua.
Nyumba hii ni ya bei nafuu vya kutosha kwa Mary kuinunua.
Quantifiers Sheria
-
Tumia many na too many pamoja na nomino zinazohesabika zilizo katika wingi.
many / too many + plural countable noun
There are too many cars on the road.
Kuna magari mengi sana barabarani.How many students are there in your class?
Kuna wanafunzi wangapi katika darasa lako? -
Tumia much na too much pamoja na nomino zisizohesabika.
much / too much + uncountable noun
There is too much traffic in the city centre.
Kuna msongamano mkubwa sana wa magari katikati ya jiji.How much money do you need?
Unahitaji pesa ngapi? -
Nyingi kupita kiasi na mengi kupita kiasi humaanisha βzaidi ya inavyohitajikaβ, na hili kwa kawaida ni tatizo.
I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
Siwezi kulala kwa sababu kuna kelele nyingi sana.There are too many people in this small room.
Kuna watu wengi sana katika chumba hiki kidogo. -
Enough ikiwa na nomino huja kabla ya nomino: pesa za kutosha, viti vya kutosha, wakati wa kutosha.
enough + noun
I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
Nina pesa za kutosha kununua kompyuta mpakato mpya.There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
Hakuna viti vya kutosha ndani ya chumba kwa kila mtu. -
Enough pamoja na kivumishi au kielezi huja baada yake: kubwa vya kutosha, haraka vya kutosha, ya kuvutia vya kutosha.
adjective / adverb + enough
The red hat wasn't big enough.
Kofia nyekundu haikuwa kubwa vya kutosha.You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
Hukuzungumza kwa sauti ya chini vya kutosha, kwa hiyo ulimwamsha mtoto mchanga. -
Chache hutumiwa pamoja na nomino za wingi zinazohesabika na humaanisha βbaadhi, idadi ndogo, lakini ya kutoshaβ.
I have a few ideas for the project.
Nina mawazo machache kwa ajili ya mradi huo.We invited a few friends to dinner.
Tulialika marafiki wachache kwa chakula cha jioni. -
Kiasi kidogo na kidogo cha hutumiwa pamoja na nomino zisizohesabika na humaanisha βbaadhi, kiasi kidogo, lakini cha kutoshaβ.
There is a little milk in the fridge.
Kuna maziwa kidogo kwenye friji.We've got a bit of time before our train.
Tuna muda kidogo kabla ya treni yetu. -
Few na little bila a husikika kuwa hasi zaidi: βsi wengi / si nyingi, karibu hakuna, chini ya kiasi kinachohitajikaβ.
She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
Ana marafiki wachache, hivyo anajihisi mpweke.We have little time, so we must hurry.
Tuna muda mchache, kwa hivyo lazima tuharakishe. -
Nyingi ya na mengi ya vinaweza kutumika pamoja na nomino zinazohesabika na zisizohesabika. Katika Kiingereza cha kila siku, mara nyingi husikika vya asili zaidi kuliko much na many katika sentensi chanya.
There are a lot of books on the shelf.
Kuna vitabu vingi kwenye rafu.She gave me lots of useful information.
Alinipa taarifa nyingi zenye manufaa. -
Some hutumika zaidi katika sentensi chanya, ilhali any hutumika sana katika maswali na sentensi hasi. Lakini some pia hutumika katika maombi na matoleo tunapotegemea jibu chanya.
We bought some apples.
Tulinunua baadhi ya tufaha.Do you have any questions?
Je, una maswali yoyote?Would you like some tea?
Je, ungependa chai kidogo?
Quantifiers Kukanusha
Katika sentensi hasi, mara nyingi tunatumia not enough, not much, not many, na not any.
-
si + nomino ya kutosha humaanisha βchini ya kiasi au idadi inayohitajikaβ.
We don't have enough time to finish the test.
Hatuna muda wa kutosha kumaliza mtihani.There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
Hakuna viti vya kutosha kwa kila mtu. -
si + kivumishi / kielezi + vya kutosha humaanisha βsi vya kutosha kwa ubora au kiwangoβ.
This book is not interesting enough.
Kitabu hiki hakivutii vya kutosha.You didn't write clearly enough.
Hukuandika kwa uwazi wa kutosha. -
Tumia not much pamoja na nomino zisizohesabika na not many pamoja na nomino za kuhesabika za wingi.
There isn't much food left.
Hakuna chakula kingi kilichobaki.There aren't many people in the office today.
Hakuna watu wengi ofisini leo. -
Yoyote mara nyingi hutumika baada ya kitenzi cha kukanusha.
I don't have any money with me.
Sina pesa yoyote pamoja nami.We didn't buy any vegetables.
Hatukununua mboga zozote.
Quantifiers Maswali
Kuuliza kuhusu kiasi, tumia How many...? pamoja na nomino zinazohesabika na How much...? pamoja na nomino zisizohesabika.
How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?
How many tasks do you have today?
Una kazi ngapi leo?
Una kazi ngapi leo?
How much work do you have today?
Una kazi kiasi gani leo?
Una kazi kiasi gani leo?
Do we have enough time?
Je, tuna muda wa kutosha?
Je, tuna muda wa kutosha?
Are there enough seats for everyone?
Je, kuna viti vya kutosha kwa kila mtu?
Je, kuna viti vya kutosha kwa kila mtu?
Is the coffee too hot?
Je, kahawa ni ya moto sana?
Je, kahawa ni ya moto sana?
Would you like some tea?
Je, ungependa chai kidogo?
Je, ungependa chai kidogo?
Quantifiers Makosa ya kawaida
Makosa ya kawaida hutokea kwa sababu wanafunzi huchanganya nomino zinazohesabika na zisizohesabika au kuweka enough katika nafasi isiyo sahihi.
β There are too much cars on the road.
β
There are too many cars on the road.
β I have too many work today.
β
I have too much work today.
β I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
β
I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
β The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
β
The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
β We have a few time before the train.
β
We have a little time before the train.
β There is a little chairs in the room.
β
There are a few chairs in the room.
β Do you have some questions?
β
Do you have any questions?
Katika swali lisiloegemea upande wowote, kwa kawaida tunatumia any. Katika ombi au toleo, some linawezekana: Je, ungependa chai kidogo?
β She gave me many useful information.
β
She gave me a lot of useful information.
β
She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)
Quantifiers Sentensi
I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
Sipendi hali hii ya hewa. Kuna mvua nyingi sana na jua halitoshi.
Sipendi hali hii ya hewa. Kuna mvua nyingi sana na jua halitoshi.
There are too many tasks on my list today.
Leo nina majukumu mengi sana kwenye orodha yangu.
Leo nina majukumu mengi sana kwenye orodha yangu.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
Tuna pesa za kutosha kununua tiketi.
Tuna pesa za kutosha kununua tiketi.
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
Hakuna viti vya kutosha kwa wanafunzi wote.
Hakuna viti vya kutosha kwa wanafunzi wote.
The room is too noisy for studying.
Chumba kina kelele nyingi sana kwa ajili ya kusoma.
Chumba kina kelele nyingi sana kwa ajili ya kusoma.
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
Anazungumza polepole vya kutosha ili kila mtu aelewe.
Anazungumza polepole vya kutosha ili kila mtu aelewe.
I need a little time to think.
Ninahitaji muda kidogo wa kufikiri.
Ninahitaji muda kidogo wa kufikiri.
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
Tulinunua sandwichi chache kwa ajili ya safari.
Tulinunua sandwichi chache kwa ajili ya safari.
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
Hakuna sukari nyingi katika chai hii.
Hakuna sukari nyingi katika chai hii.
There aren't many shops near my house.
Hakuna maduka mengi karibu na nyumba yangu.
Hakuna maduka mengi karibu na nyumba yangu.
My brother has several books about space.
Kaka yangu ana vitabu kadhaa kuhusu anga za juu.
Kaka yangu ana vitabu kadhaa kuhusu anga za juu.
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
Tuna mkate kiasi, lakini hatuna siagi yoyote.
Tuna mkate kiasi, lakini hatuna siagi yoyote.
Quantifiers Mifano
A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
Supu hii ina chumvi nyingi sana, kwa hivyo haionekani kuwa tamu vya kutosha kwa wageni.
Supu hii ina chumvi nyingi sana, kwa hivyo haionekani kuwa tamu vya kutosha kwa wageni.
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
Tulileta chupa chache za maji na chakula kidogo, lakini havikutosha kwa siku nzima.
Tulileta chupa chache za maji na chakula kidogo, lakini havikutosha kwa siku nzima.
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
Kulikuwa na watu wengi kwenye stesheni, lakini hakukuwa na viti vingi.
Kulikuwa na watu wengi kwenye stesheni, lakini hakukuwa na viti vingi.
