Demonstrative Pronouns: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Demonstrative Pronouns tunatumia

Viwakilishi Vionyeshi ni maneno hiki, hicho, hivi, na hivyo. Hutusaidia kuonyesha mtu, kitu, kundi la vitu, au wazo: karibu au mbali, umoja au wingi.

Do you like this picture?
Unapenda picha hii?
These flowers are for you.
Maua haya ni kwa ajili yako.
Do you like that picture?
Je, unapenda picha hiyo?
Who are those people?
Watu hao ni akina nani?
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Hii ni hoteli nzuri, lakini ni ghali sana.
Which shoes do you prefer β€” these or those?
Unapendelea viatu vipi β€” hivi au vile?

Demonstrative Pronouns Fomu

Umbo hutegemea vitu viwili: umoja au wingi na karibu au mbali. Maneno haya yanaweza kuja kabla ya nomino au kusimama peke yake, bila nomino.

Fomu Nambari Umbali / maana Mfano
this umoja karibu, hapa, sasa This bag is mine.
these wingi karibu, hapa These books are new.
that umoja mbali, pale, tayari alisema / ilitokea That picture is beautiful.
those wingi mbali, pale Those people are my neighbours.

near + singular: this
near + plural: these
far + singular: that
far + plural: those

Kwa nomino na bila nomino

Aina Fomu Mfano
kabla ya nomino this / that / these / those + noun Do you like this picture?
Those apples look nice.
bila nomino this / that / these / those alone This is my bag.
Which shoes do you prefer β€” these or those?
This hotel is expensive, but it is very nice.
Hoteli hii ni ghali, lakini ni nzuri sana.
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Hii ni hoteli nzuri, lakini ni ghali sana.
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
Je, unapenda viatu hivi? Nili vinunua wiki iliyopita.
Which shoes do you prefer β€” these or those?
Unapendelea viatu vipi β€” hivi au vile?

Demonstrative Pronouns Sheria

  • Tumia this na these kwa vitu vilivyo karibu na mzungumzaji: karibu kimwili, kwenye picha, mikononi mwako, au katika hali ya sasa.
    This phone is new.
    Simu hii ni mpya.
    These flowers are for you.
    Maua haya ni kwa ajili yako.
    Look at this photo.
    Angalia picha hii.
  • Tumia that na those kwa vitu vilivyo mbali zaidi na msemaji: mbali kimwili, β€œhuko”, karibu zaidi na msikilizaji, au ambavyo havipo tena katika wakati wa sasa.
    Do you like that picture?
    Je, unapenda picha hiyo?
    Who are those people?
    Watu hao ni akina nani?
    That shop across the street is closed.
    Duka lile ng'ambo ya barabara limefungwa.
  • Hiki na kile hutumika pamoja na nomino za umoja. Pia vinaweza kutumika pamoja na nomino zisizohesabika.

    this / that + singular noun
    this / that + uncountable noun

    This exercise is easy.
    Zoezi hili ni rahisi.
    That water tastes strange.
    Maji hayo yana ladha ya ajabu.
    This music makes me happy.
    Muziki huu unanifurahisha.
  • Hivi na vile hutumiwa tu pamoja na nomino za wingi.

    these / those + plural noun

    These shoes are comfortable.
    Viatu hivi ni vizuri kuvaa.
    Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
    Maapulo hayo yanaonekana mazuri. Naweza kupata moja?
  • Wakati hii / hiyo / hizi / zile zinapotumika bila nomino, hubadilisha kitu, mtu, au wazo ambalo liko wazi kutokana na muktadha.
    Come and look at this.
    Njoo uangalie hii.
    Can I have one of these?
    Naweza kupata moja ya hizi?
    I do not like those. They are too expensive.
    Sipendi vile. Ni ghali sana.
  • Hilo mara nyingi hurejelea jambo ambalo limetokea punde tu au kile ambacho mtu amekisema punde tu.
    A: I am sorry I forgot to phone you.
    B: That's all right.
    That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
    Ilikuwa chakula kitamu sana. Asante sana.
    A: Martin has got a new job.
    B: Has he? I did not know that.
  • Kwenye simu, mara nyingi tunatumia Huyu ni... kusema nani anayezungumza na Je, huyo ni...? kuuliza nani yuko kwenye simu.
    Hi Sarah, this is David.
    Habari Sarah, huyu ni David.
    Is that Sarah?
    Je, huyo ni Sarah?
  • Ili kuwatambulisha watu, tumia Huyu ni... kwa mtu mmoja na Hawa ni... kwa watu kadhaa.
    Brian, this is Chris.
    Brian, huyu ni Chris.
    These are my parents.
    Hawa ni wazazi wangu.
  • Katika vielezi vya wakati, this mara nyingi humaanisha kipindi cha sasa au kilicho karibu zaidi: this morning, this week, this year. That kinaweza kurejelea wakati uliopita au kipindi cha wakati ambacho tayari kimetajwa.
    I am very busy this week.
    Nina shughuli nyingi sana wiki hii.
    We met in Paris in 2019. That year was unforgettable.
    Tulikutana Paris mwaka wa 2019. Mwaka huo haukusahaulika.

Demonstrative Pronouns Maswali

Katika maswali, linganisha this / that / these / those na kitenzi be: tumia is kwa umoja na are kwa wingi.

Is + this / that + singular noun?
Are + these / those + plural noun?
What / Who + is + this / that?
What / Who + are + these / those?

Is this your bag?
Hii ni begi lako?
Are these your keys?
Je, hizi ni funguo zako?
Is that your brother over there?
Je, yule pale ni ndugu yako?
Are those your books?
Je, hivyo ni vitabu vyako?
What is this?
Hii ni nini?
Who is that?
Ni nani huyo?
Which shoes do you prefer β€” these or those?
Unapendelea viatu vipi β€” hivi au vile?
Do you like this picture?
Unapenda picha hii?

Demonstrative Pronouns Makosa ya kawaida

Makosa ya kawaida kwa kawaida huhusiana na idadi: this / that hayawezi kutumiwa pamoja na nomino za wingi, na these / those huhitaji kitenzi are.

❌ This are my books.
βœ… These are my books.
❌ This is new shoes.
βœ… These are new shoes.
❌ Those is their bags.
βœ… Those are their bags.
❌ That people are very friendly.
βœ… Those people are very friendly.
❌ I like this apples.
βœ… I like these apples.
❌ These is my friend.
βœ… This is my friend.
❌ What are this?
βœ… What is this?
❌ Are that your keys?
βœ… Are those your keys?
❌ This are my parents.
βœ… These are my parents.
❌ I like those car.
βœ… I like that car.
βœ… I like those cars.

Demonstrative Pronouns Sentensi

This is my notebook.
Hii ni daftari langu.
This picture is very old.
Picha hii ni ya zamani sana.
This water is cold.
Maji haya ni baridi.
These are my favourite shoes.
Hizi ni viatu ninavyovipenda zaidi.
These flowers are for my teacher.
Maua haya ni kwa ajili ya mwalimu wangu.
That is my school over there.
Hicho ni shule yangu kule.
That picture on the wall is beautiful.
Picha hiyo ukutani ni nzuri.
Those people are waiting for the bus.
Watu hao wanasubiri basi.
Those apples look delicious.
Maapulo hayo yanaonekana matamu.
I bought these shoes last week.
Nilinunua viatu hivi wiki iliyopita.
Can you pass me that book, please?
Unaweza kunipatia kile kitabu, tafadhali?
I am sorry about that.
Samahani kwa hilo.
That was a really nice meal.
Hicho kilikuwa chakula kitamu sana.
Hi, this is Anna speaking.
Habari, hapa ni Anna anazungumza.
These are my classmates.
Hawa ni wanafunzi wenzangu.

Demonstrative Pronouns Mifano

A: Do you like this picture?
B: Yes, I do. This is my favourite picture in the room.
A: Are these your books?
B: Yes, they are. These books are for my English class.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my neighbour.
A: Who are those people?
B: Those are my cousins from Canada.
A: Which shoes do you prefer β€” these or those?
B: I prefer these. They are more comfortable.
A: I am going on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that's nice!
A: Hi Sarah, this is David.
B: Hi David. Nice to hear from you.
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris β€” nice to meet you.
This week I am busy, but next week I will have more free time.
Wiki hii nina shughuli nyingi, lakini wiki ijayo nitakuwa na muda zaidi wa ziada.
We watched a film yesterday. That film was very funny.
Tulitazama filamu jana. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa ya kuchekesha sana.

Fanya mazoezi sasa hivi

Imarisha kanuni hiyo kwa vitendo. Inachukua sekunde 30 tu.

AI hukagua majibu na kueleza makosa
Mazoezi ya matamshi
Mazoezi maelfu kuhusu kanuni mbalimbali
Zoezi la 1 kati ya 5
Demonstrative Pronouns
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Kidokezo

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Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural