Past Perfect: vety, cvičenia, testy a príklady

Past Perfect používame

Predminulý čas sa používa na hovorenie o činnosti, ktorá sa odohrala pred inou činnosťou alebo momentom v minulosti.

She had left before I arrived.
Odišla skôr, než som prišiel.

Past Perfect Forma

Subject + had + V3.

I had finished the report before the meeting started.
Dokončil som správu predtým, než sa stretnutie začalo.
They had already gone home when we called.
Keď sme volali, už boli doma.

Past Perfect Pravidlo

  • Predminulý čas vyjadruje, že jeden dej sa stal pred iným dejom v minulosti.
    When I arrived, they had already started the meeting.
    Keď som prišiel, už začali stretnutie.
    He had locked the door before he left.
    Pred odchodom zamkol dvere.
  • Často sa používa s before, after, when a by the time.
    By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
    Kým sme prišli na stanicu, vlak už odišiel.
    After she had finished the task, she went for a walk.
    Keď dokončila úlohu, išla sa prejsť.
  • Často sa používa so slovami ako already, just a never.
    I had already seen that film before we watched it together.
    Ten film som už videl predtým, než sme ho pozerali spolu.
    She had never visited that city before her business trip.
    Nikdy pred svojou pracovnou cestou nenavštívila to mesto.
  • Často sa používa s výrazmi ako do piatej hodiny, do pondelka alebo do konca týždňa, keď hovoríme o výsledku pred určitým minulým časom.
    By Friday, we had finished the project.
    Do piatka sme dokončili projekt.
    By the end of the day, she had answered all the emails.
    Do konca dňa odpovedala na všetky e-maily.
  • Predminulý čas sa môže použiť na vysvetlenie príčiny alebo následku v minulosti.
    He was tired because he had worked all night.
    Bol unavený, pretože pracoval celú noc.
    They missed the flight because they had left home too late.
    Zmeškali let, pretože odišli z domu príliš neskoro.

Past Perfect Negácia

  • Zápor sa tvorí pomocou had not alebo skrátenej formy hadn't.
    I hadn't finished the report before the manager arrived.
    Správu som nedokončil skôr, než prišiel manažér.
    She hadn't seen the message before the meeting started.
    Nevidela tú správu pred začiatkom stretnutia.

Past Perfect Otázky

V otázkach stojí had pred podmetom.

Had + subject + V3?
Wh-word + had + subject + V3?

Had you finished the report before the deadline?
Dokončil si správu pred termínom?
Had she left before you called?
Odišla predtým, než si zavolal?
Why had they cancelled the meeting?
Prečo zrušili stretnutie?
Where had he worked before he moved to London?
Kde pracoval predtým, než sa presťahoval do Londýna?

Past Perfect Typické chyby

❌ She had went home before I arrived.
✅ She had gone home before I arrived.
❌ They hadn't finished the work before the meeting had started.
✅ They hadn't finished the work before the meeting started.
❌ Did you had finished the task before lunch?
✅ Had you finished the task before lunch?
❌ I was tired because I worked all night.
✅ I was tired because I had worked all night.

Past Perfect Vety

By the time we arrived, the conference had already started.
Kým sme prišli, konferencia sa už začala.
She had prepared everything before the guests came.
Pripravila všetko predtým, než prišli hostia.
I had saved the document before the computer crashed.
Dokument som uložil predtým, než sa počítač zrútil.
They had discussed the problem before they spoke to the manager.
Predtým, než hovorili s manažérom, už o probléme diskutovali.
He had never used that software before he joined the team.
Nikdy predtým nepoužíval ten softvér, než sa pridal do tímu.
We had booked the tickets before we chose the hotel.
Lístky sme si rezervovali ešte predtým, ako sme si vybrali hotel.
She had already left when I got to the office.
Keď som sa dostal do kancelárie, už odišla.
They had finished dinner before the film started.
Dojedli večeru predtým, než sa začal film.
I had written the email before I noticed the mistake.
Napísal som e-mail skôr, než som si všimol chybu.
He had improved his English before he applied for the job.
Zlepšil si angličtinu predtým, ako sa uchádzal o tú prácu.

Past Perfect Príklady

I had completed the task before my manager asked about it.
Úlohu som dokončil skôr, než sa na ňu môj manažér opýtal.
She had forgotten her password, so she couldn't log in.
Zabudla svoje heslo, takže sa nemohla prihlásiť.
They had already made a decision when we joined the meeting.
Už sa rozhodli, keď sme sa pripojili k stretnutiu.
We had seen that place once before we moved there.
To miesto sme už raz videli predtým, než sme sa tam presťahovali.
He had checked the code carefully before he published the update.
Predtým, než zverejnil aktualizáciu, kód starostlivo skontroloval.
I had never tried that kind of food before I went to Spain.
Nikdy predtým, než som išiel do Španielska, som ten druh jedla neskúsil.
She had printed the documents before the client arrived.
Dokumenty vytlačila predtým, než prišiel klient.
We had cleaned the apartment before our friends came over.
Upratali sme byt predtým, ako k nám prišli priatelia.
He had read the instructions before he started the test.
Predtým, než začal test, si prečítal pokyny.
They had moved to a new office before they hired more employees.
Presťahovali sa do novej kancelárie predtým, ako prijali ďalších zamestnancov.

Cvičenia anglickej gramatiky dostupné v aplikácii

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to