Past Perfect: lauseid, harjutusi, teste ja näiteid

Past Perfect kasutame

Minevikutäisminevikku kasutatakse tegevuse kirjeldamiseks, mis toimus enne teist tegevust või ajahetke minevikus.

She had left before I arrived.
Ta oli enne minu saabumist lahkunud.

Past Perfect Vorm

Subject + had + V3.

I had finished the report before the meeting started.
Olin aruande valmis saanud enne, kui koosolek algas.
They had already gone home when we called.
Nad olid juba koju läinud, kui me helistasime.

Past Perfect Reegel

  • Mineviku enneminevik näitab, et üks tegevus toimus enne teist tegevust minevikus.
    When I arrived, they had already started the meeting.
    Kui ma saabusin, olid nad koosolekuga juba alustanud.
    He had locked the door before he left.
    Ta oli enne lahkumist ukse lukku pannud.
  • Seda kasutatakse sageli koos sõnadega before, after, when ja by the time.
    By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
    Selleks ajaks, kui me jaama jõudsime, oli rong juba lahkunud.
    After she had finished the task, she went for a walk.
    Pärast ülesande lõpetamist läks ta jalutama.
  • Seda kasutatakse sageli koos sõnadega nagu already, just ja never.
    I had already seen that film before we watched it together.
    Ma olin seda filmi juba näinud enne, kui me seda koos vaatasime.
    She had never visited that city before her business trip.
    Ta ei olnud enne oma ärireisi seda linna kunagi külastanud.
  • Seda kasutatakse sageli väljenditega nagu kella viieks, esmaspäevaks või nädala lõpuks, kui räägime tulemusest enne mingit minevikus aset leidnud aega.
    By Friday, we had finished the project.
    Reedeks olime projekti lõpetanud.
    By the end of the day, she had answered all the emails.
    Päeva lõpuks oli ta vastanud kõigile e-kirjadele.
  • Mineviku enneminevikku saab kasutada põhjuse või tagajärje selgitamiseks minevikus.
    He was tired because he had worked all night.
    Ta oli väsinud, sest ta oli terve öö töötanud.
    They missed the flight because they had left home too late.
    Nad jäid lennust maha, sest lahkusid kodust liiga hilja.

Past Perfect Eitus

  • Eituse moodustamiseks kasutatakse had not või lühivormi hadn't.
    I hadn't finished the report before the manager arrived.
    Ma ei olnud aruannet lõpetanud enne, kui juhataja saabus.
    She hadn't seen the message before the meeting started.
    Ta polnud sõnumit enne koosoleku algust näinud.

Past Perfect Küsimused

Küsimustes tuleb had enne aluse.

Had + subject + V3?
Wh-word + had + subject + V3?

Had you finished the report before the deadline?
Kas sa olid aruande enne tähtaega lõpetanud?
Had she left before you called?
Kas ta lahkus enne, kui sa helistasid?
Why had they cancelled the meeting?
Miks nad olid koosoleku tühistanud?
Where had he worked before he moved to London?
Kus ta töötas enne Londonisse kolimist?

Past Perfect Tüüpilised vead

❌ She had went home before I arrived.
✅ She had gone home before I arrived.
❌ They hadn't finished the work before the meeting had started.
✅ They hadn't finished the work before the meeting started.
❌ Did you had finished the task before lunch?
✅ Had you finished the task before lunch?
❌ I was tired because I worked all night.
✅ I was tired because I had worked all night.

Past Perfect Lausete

By the time we arrived, the conference had already started.
Selleks ajaks, kui me kohale jõudsime, oli konverents juba alanud.
She had prepared everything before the guests came.
Ta oli enne külaliste tulekut kõik ette valmistanud.
I had saved the document before the computer crashed.
Ma olin dokumendi salvestanud enne, kui arvuti kokku jooksis.
They had discussed the problem before they spoke to the manager.
Nad olid probleemi arutanud enne, kui nad juhatajaga rääkisid.
He had never used that software before he joined the team.
Ta ei olnud seda tarkvara kunagi kasutanud enne meeskonnaga liitumist.
We had booked the tickets before we chose the hotel.
Olime piletid broneerinud enne, kui hotelli valisime.
She had already left when I got to the office.
Ta oli juba lahkunud, kui ma kontorisse jõudsin.
They had finished dinner before the film started.
Nad olid õhtusöögi lõpetanud enne, kui film algas.
I had written the email before I noticed the mistake.
Ma olin e-kirja kirjutanud enne, kui märkasin viga.
He had improved his English before he applied for the job.
Ta oli oma inglise keelt parandanud enne, kui ta tööle kandideeris.

Past Perfect Näited

I had completed the task before my manager asked about it.
Ma olin ülesande täitnud enne, kui mu juht selle kohta küsis.
She had forgotten her password, so she couldn't log in.
Ta oli oma parooli unustanud, nii et ta ei saanud sisse logida.
They had already made a decision when we joined the meeting.
Nad olid juba otsuse teinud, kui me koosolekuga liitusime.
We had seen that place once before we moved there.
Olime seda kohta korra varem näinud, enne kui sinna kolisime.
He had checked the code carefully before he published the update.
Ta oli koodi hoolikalt kontrollinud, enne kui ta uuenduse avaldas.
I had never tried that kind of food before I went to Spain.
Ma ei olnud kunagi enne Hispaaniasse minekut sellist toitu proovinud.
She had printed the documents before the client arrived.
Ta oli dokumendid välja printinud enne, kui klient saabus.
We had cleaned the apartment before our friends came over.
Olime korteri ära koristanud enne, kui meie sõbrad külla tulid.
He had read the instructions before he started the test.
Ta oli juhised enne testi alustamist läbi lugenud.
They had moved to a new office before they hired more employees.
Nad olid kolinud uude kontorisse enne, kui nad palkasid rohkem töötajaid.

Rakenduses saadaval olevad inglise keele grammatika harjutused

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to