Quantifiers uporabljamo
Kvantifikatorji so besede in besedne zveze, ki izražajo količino: veliko, malo, nekaj, dovolj, preveč ali preveč. Pomagajo odgovoriti na vprašanji Koliko? in Koliko?.
There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
V Londonu je preveč dežja in premalo sonca.
V Londonu je preveč dežja in premalo sonca.
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
Danes imam preveč dela. Preveč je nalog in premalo časa.
Danes imam preveč dela. Preveč je nalog in premalo časa.
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
Zeleni klobuk je bil prevelik, vendar je bil modri klobuk dovolj velik.
Zeleni klobuk je bil prevelik, vendar je bil modri klobuk dovolj velik.
We have a few apples and a little milk.
Imamo nekaj jabolk in malo mleka.
Imamo nekaj jabolk in malo mleka.
Quantifiers Oblika
Glavno pravilo je: najprej preveri, kakšen samostalnik imaš — števni ali neštevni.
| Vrsta samostalnika | Uporaba | Primeri |
| Števni samostalniki | many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | many tasks too many cars a few friends enough chairs |
| Neštevni samostalniki | much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | much time too much rain a little milk enough money |
countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun
There are too many toys in our son's room.
V sobi našega sina je preveč igrač.
V sobi našega sina je preveč igrač.
You added too much salt to this soup.
V to juho si dodal preveč soli.
V to juho si dodal preveč soli.
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
Spekli smo dovolj tort za vse goste.
Spekli smo dovolj tort za vse goste.
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
Nismo imeli dovolj časa, da bi dokončali test.
Nismo imeli dovolj časa, da bi dokončali test.
Preveč in dovolj s pridevniki / prislovi
| Obrazec | Pomen | Primer |
| too + adjective / adverb | preveč, več kot je potrebno | This tea is too hot. |
| adjective / adverb + enough | zadostno, dovolj | The blue hat was big enough. |
| not + adjective / adverb + enough | ne dovolj, premalo | The Christmas tree isn't tall enough. |
| enough + noun | zadostna količina / število | We have enough money. |
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
Kava je prevroča. Ne pij je prehitro.
Kava je prevroča. Ne pij je prehitro.
He plays well enough to win the championship.
Igra dovolj dobro, da osvoji prvenstvo.
Igra dovolj dobro, da osvoji prvenstvo.
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
Ta hiša je dovolj poceni, da jo Marija lahko kupi.
Ta hiša je dovolj poceni, da jo Marija lahko kupi.
Quantifiers Pravilo
-
Uporabljajte many in too many z množinskimi števnimi samostalniki.
many / too many + plural countable noun
There are too many cars on the road.
Na cesti je preveč avtomobilov.How many students are there in your class?
Koliko učencev je v vašem razredu? -
Uporabljajte much in too much z neštevnimi samostalniki.
much / too much + uncountable noun
There is too much traffic in the city centre.
V središču mesta je preveč prometa.How much money do you need?
Koliko denarja potrebuješ? -
Preveč in preveč pomenita »več, kot je potrebno«, in to je običajno težava.
I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
Ne morem spati, ker je preveč hrupa.There are too many people in this small room.
V tej majhni sobi je preveč ljudi. -
Dovolj z samostalnikom stoji pred samostalnikom: dovolj denarja, dovolj sedežev, dovolj časa.
enough + noun
I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
Imam dovolj denarja, da kupim nov prenosnik.There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
V sobi ni dovolj sedežev za vse. -
Enough z pridevnikom ali prislovom stoji za njim: dovolj velik, dovolj hitro, dovolj zanimiv.
adjective / adverb + enough
The red hat wasn't big enough.
Rdeč klobuk ni bil dovolj velik.You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
Nisi govoril dovolj tiho, zato si zbudil dojenčka. -
Nekaj se uporablja s števnimi samostalniki v množini in pomeni »nekaj, majhno število, vendar dovolj«.
I have a few ideas for the project.
Imam nekaj idej za projekt.We invited a few friends to dinner.
Povabili smo nekaj prijateljev na večerjo. -
Nekaj in malo uporabljamo z neštevnimi samostalniki in pomenita »nekaj, majhno količino, vendar dovolj«.
There is a little milk in the fridge.
V hladilniku je malo mleka.We've got a bit of time before our train.
Imamo še nekaj časa, preden odpelje naš vlak. -
Maloštevilni in malo brez a zvenita bolj negativno: »ne veliko / ne dosti, skoraj nič, manj kot je potrebno«.
She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
Ima malo prijateljev, zato se počuti osamljeno.We have little time, so we must hurry.
Imamo malo časa, zato se moramo podvizati. -
Veliko in veliko se lahko uporablja tako s števnimi kot z neštevnimi samostalniki. V vsakdanji angleščini pogosto zvenita bolj naravno kot much in many v trdilnih povedih.
There are a lot of books on the shelf.
Na polici je veliko knjig.She gave me lots of useful information.
Dala mi je veliko koristnih informacij. -
Nekaj je pogostejše v trdilnih povedih, medtem ko je any pogost v vprašanjih in nikalnih povedih. Toda some se uporablja tudi v prošnjah in ponudbah, kadar pričakujemo pritrdilen odgovor.
We bought some apples.
Kupili smo nekaj jabolk.Do you have any questions?
Imate kakšno vprašanje?Would you like some tea?
Bi želeli nekaj čaja?
Quantifiers Zanikanje
V nikalnih stavkih pogosto uporabljamo not enough, not much, not many in not any.
-
not enough + samostalnik pomeni »manj kot potrebna količina ali število«.
We don't have enough time to finish the test.
Nimamo dovolj časa, da bi dokončali test.There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
Za vse ni dovolj stolov. -
not + pridevnik / prislov + enough pomeni »ne zadosten po kakovosti ali stopnji«.
This book is not interesting enough.
Ta knjiga ni dovolj zanimiva.You didn't write clearly enough.
Nisi pisal dovolj jasno. -
Uporabljaj not much z neštevnimi samostalniki in not many z množinskimi števnimi samostalniki.
There isn't much food left.
Ni ostalo veliko hrane.There aren't many people in the office today.
Danes v pisarni ni veliko ljudi. -
Kakršen koli se pogosto uporablja po zanikanem glagolu.
I don't have any money with me.
Pri sebi nimam denarja.We didn't buy any vegetables.
Nismo kupili nobene zelenjave.
Quantifiers Vprašanja
Za vprašanje o količini uporabite How many...? s števnimi samostalniki in How much...? z neštevnimi samostalniki.
How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?
How many tasks do you have today?
Koliko nalog imaš danes?
Koliko nalog imaš danes?
How much work do you have today?
Koliko dela imaš danes?
Koliko dela imaš danes?
Do we have enough time?
Ali imamo dovolj časa?
Ali imamo dovolj časa?
Are there enough seats for everyone?
Ali je dovolj sedežev za vse?
Ali je dovolj sedežev za vse?
Is the coffee too hot?
Je kava prevroča?
Je kava prevroča?
Would you like some tea?
Bi želeli nekaj čaja?
Bi želeli nekaj čaja?
Quantifiers Tipične napake
Pogoste napake se zgodijo, ker učenci zamenjujejo števne in neštevne samostalnike ali pa postavijo dovolj na napačno mesto.
❌ There are too much cars on the road.
✅ There are too many cars on the road.
❌ I have too many work today.
✅ I have too much work today.
❌ I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
✅ I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
❌ The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
✅ The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
❌ We have a few time before the train.
✅ We have a little time before the train.
❌ There is a little chairs in the room.
✅ There are a few chairs in the room.
❌ Do you have some questions?
✅ Do you have any questions?
V nevtralnem vprašanju običajno uporabimo any. V prošnji ali ponudbi je možen some: Bi želeli nekaj čaja?
❌ She gave me many useful information.
✅ She gave me a lot of useful information.
✅ She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)
Quantifiers Stavki
I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
To vreme mi ni všeč. Preveč dežja je in premalo sonca.
To vreme mi ni všeč. Preveč dežja je in premalo sonca.
There are too many tasks on my list today.
Danes je na mojem seznamu preveč nalog.
Danes je na mojem seznamu preveč nalog.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
Imamo dovolj denarja za nakup vozovnic.
Imamo dovolj denarja za nakup vozovnic.
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
Ni dovolj sedežev za vse študente.
Ni dovolj sedežev za vse študente.
The room is too noisy for studying.
Soba je preveč hrupna za učenje.
Soba je preveč hrupna za učenje.
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
Govori dovolj počasi, da jo vsi razumejo.
Govori dovolj počasi, da jo vsi razumejo.
I need a little time to think.
Potrebujem malo časa za razmislek.
Potrebujem malo časa za razmislek.
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
Za pot smo kupili nekaj sendvičev.
Za pot smo kupili nekaj sendvičev.
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
V tem čaju ni veliko sladkorja.
V tem čaju ni veliko sladkorja.
There aren't many shops near my house.
V bližini moje hiše ni veliko trgovin.
V bližini moje hiše ni veliko trgovin.
My brother has several books about space.
Moj brat ima več knjig o vesolju.
Moj brat ima več knjig o vesolju.
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
Imamo nekaj kruha, vendar nimamo nič masla.
Imamo nekaj kruha, vendar nimamo nič masla.
Quantifiers Primeri
A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
Juha je preslana, zato za goste ni dovolj okusna.
Juha je preslana, zato za goste ni dovolj okusna.
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
Prinesli smo nekaj steklenic vode in malo hrane, vendar to ni bilo dovolj za ves dan.
Prinesli smo nekaj steklenic vode in malo hrane, vendar to ni bilo dovolj za ves dan.
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
Na postaji je bilo veliko ljudi, vendar ni bilo veliko sedežev.
Na postaji je bilo veliko ljudi, vendar ni bilo veliko sedežev.
