Quantifiers ulanyarys
Mukdar sözleri mukdary görkezýän sözler we söz düzümleridir: köp, azajyk, birnäçe, ýeterlik, aşa köp ýa-da örän köp. Olar Näçe? we Näçe sany? diýen soraglara jogap bermäge kömek edýär.
There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
Londonda ýagyş gaty köp we gün ýeterlik däl.
Londonda ýagyş gaty köp we gün ýeterlik däl.
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
Şu gün meniň işim örän köp. Ýumuşlar gaty köp, wagt bolsa ýeterlik däl.
Şu gün meniň işim örän köp. Ýumuşlar gaty köp, wagt bolsa ýeterlik däl.
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
Ýaşyl şlýapa gaty ulydy, ýöne gök şlýapa ýeterlik derejede ulydy.
Ýaşyl şlýapa gaty ulydy, ýöne gök şlýapa ýeterlik derejede ulydy.
We have a few apples and a little milk.
Bizde birnäçe alma we azajyk süýt bar.
Bizde birnäçe alma we azajyk süýt bar.
Quantifiers Forma
Esasy düzgünnama şeýle: ilki bilen sende nähili at bar — sanap bolýan ýa-da sanap bolmaýan — şony barla.
| At görnüşi | Ulanyň | Mysallar |
| Sanalýan atlar | many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | many tasks too many cars a few friends enough chairs |
| Sanalyp bolmaýan atlar | much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | much time too much rain a little milk enough money |
countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun
There are too many toys in our son's room.
Oglumyzyň otagynda oýnawaçlar gaty köp.
Oglumyzyň otagynda oýnawaçlar gaty köp.
You added too much salt to this soup.
Sen bu çorbanyň içine gaty köp duz goşduň.
Sen bu çorbanyň içine gaty köp duz goşduň.
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
Biz ähli myhmanlar üçin ýeterlik tort bişirdik.
Biz ähli myhmanlar üçin ýeterlik tort bişirdik.
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
Synagy gutarmak üçin ýeterlik wagtymyz bolmady.
Synagy gutarmak üçin ýeterlik wagtymyz bolmady.
Sypatlar / hallanma sözler bilen too we enough
| Forma | Manysyny | Mysal |
| too + adjective / adverb | gaty köp, zerurlykdan artyk | This tea is too hot. |
| adjective / adverb + enough | ýeterlik, ýeterlik derejede | The blue hat was big enough. |
| not + adjective / adverb + enough | ýeterlik däl, ýeterlik däl | The Christmas tree isn't tall enough. |
| enough + noun | ýetärlik mukdar / sançylyk | We have enough money. |
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
Kofe gaty gyzgyn. Ony gaty çalt içmäň.
Kofe gaty gyzgyn. Ony gaty çalt içmäň.
He plays well enough to win the championship.
Ol çempionaty utmak üçin ýeterlik derejede gowy oýnaýar.
Ol çempionaty utmak üçin ýeterlik derejede gowy oýnaýar.
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
Bu öý Marynyň satyn almagy üçin ýeterlik derejede arzan.
Bu öý Marynyň satyn almagy üçin ýeterlik derejede arzan.
Quantifiers Düzgünlik
-
Köp sanalýan atlar bilen many we too many ulanyň.
many / too many + plural countable noun
There are too many cars on the road.
Ýolda ulaglar örän köp.How many students are there in your class?
Siziň synpyňyzda näçe okuwçy bar? -
Sanalmaýan atlar bilen much we too much ulanyň.
much / too much + uncountable noun
There is too much traffic in the city centre.
Şäher merkezinde ulag gatnawy örän köp.How much money do you need?
Size näçe pul gerek? -
Örän köp we örän köp sanly “zerur bolandan has köp” diýmekdir, we bu adatça mesele bolýar.
I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
Men gaty köp ses bar diýip uklap bilemok.There are too many people in this small room.
Bu kiçi otagda adam gaty köp. -
At bilen ulanylanda enough atyň öňünde gelýär: ýeterlik pul, ýeterlik oturgyç, ýeterlik wagt.
enough + noun
I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
Täze noutbuk satyn almaga ýeterlik pulum bar.There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
Otaga hemmeler üçin ýeterlik oturgyç ýok. -
Sypat ýa-da zarply enough sözi ondan soň gelýär: ýeterlik uly, ýeterlik çalt, ýeterlik gyzykly.
adjective / adverb + enough
The red hat wasn't big enough.
Gyzyl şlýapa ýeterlik derejede uly däldi.You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
Sen ýeterlik derejede ýuwaş geplemediň, şonuň üçin bäbegi oýardyň. -
Birnäçe sanalýan köplük atlar bilen ulanylýar we “käbir, az san, ýöne ýeterlik” diýen manyny berýär.
I have a few ideas for the project.
Taslama üçin birnäçe pikirim bar.We invited a few friends to dinner.
Biz birnäçe dostumyzyň agşamlyk naharyna çagyrdyk. -
Azajyk we biraz sanalmaýan atlar bilen ulanylýar we “käbir, az mukdarda, ýöne ýeterlik” diýmegi aňladýar.
There is a little milk in the fridge.
Sowadyjyda azajyk süýt bar.We've got a bit of time before our train.
Otlymyza çenli azajyk wagt bar. -
Few we little, a bolmazdan, has negatiw eşidilýär: “köp däl / kän däl, tas ýok, gerekden az”.
She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
Onuň dosty az, şonuň üçin ol özüni ýalňyz duýýar.We have little time, so we must hurry.
Biziň az wagtymyz bar, şonuň üçin biz howlukmalydyrys. -
Köp we juda köp hem sanalýan, hem-de sanalmaýan atlar bilen ulanylyp bilner. Gündelik iňlis dilinde, olar köplenç oňyn sözlemlerde much we many-den has tebigy eşidilýär.
There are a lot of books on the shelf.
Tekjede köp kitap bar.She gave me lots of useful information.
Ol maňa köp peýdaly maglumat berdi. -
Some oňyn sözlemlerde has köp ulanylýar, any bolsa soraglarda we inkär sözlemlerde köplenç ulanylýar. Emma some oňyn jogaba garaşanymyzda haýyşlarda we tekliplerde hem ulanylýar.
We bought some apples.
Biz birnäçe alma satyn aldyk.Do you have any questions?
Siziň soraglaryňyz barmy?Would you like some tea?
Biraz çaý isleýärsiňizmi?
Quantifiers Inkär
Ýaramaz sözlemlerde biz köplenç not enough, not much, not many we not any ulanýarys.
-
ýeterlik däl + at “zerur mukdardan ýa-da sandan az” diýmegi aňladýar.
We don't have enough time to finish the test.
Synagy tamamlap ýetişmäge biziň ýeterlik wagtymyz ýok.There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
Hemmeler üçin ýeterlik oturgyç ýok. -
not + adjective / adverb + enough “hil ýa-da dereje taýdan ýeterlik däl” diýmegi aňladýar.
This book is not interesting enough.
Bu kitap ýeterlik derejede gyzykly däl.You didn't write clearly enough.
Sen ýeterlik derejede düşnükli ýazmadyň. -
not much-y sanalmaýan atlar bilen, not many-ni bolsa köplük sanalýan atlar bilen ulanyň.
There isn't much food left.
Kän iýmit galmady.There aren't many people in the office today.
Şu gün ofisde köp adam ýok. -
Islendik köplenç inkär ediji işlikden soň ulanylýar.
I don't have any money with me.
Mende hiç pul ýok.We didn't buy any vegetables.
Biz hiç hili gök önümleri satyn almadyk.
Quantifiers Soraglar
Mukdar barada soramak üçin, sanalýan atlar bilen How many...?, sanalmaýan atlar bilen bolsa How much...? ulanyň.
How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?
How many tasks do you have today?
Bu gün näçe işiň bar?
Bu gün näçe işiň bar?
How much work do you have today?
Şu gün näçe işiň bar?
Şu gün näçe işiň bar?
Do we have enough time?
Biziň ýeterlik wagtymyz barmy?
Biziň ýeterlik wagtymyz barmy?
Are there enough seats for everyone?
Hemme üçin ýeterlik oturgyç barmy?
Hemme üçin ýeterlik oturgyç barmy?
Is the coffee too hot?
Kofe gaty gyzgynmy?
Kofe gaty gyzgynmy?
Would you like some tea?
Biraz çaý isleýärsiňizmi?
Biraz çaý isleýärsiňizmi?
Quantifiers Adaty ýalňyşlyklar
Adaty ýalňyşlyklar, öwrenijileriň sanalýan we sanalmaýan atlary bulaşdyrýandyklary ýa-da enough sözüni nädogry ýerde goýýandyklary sebäpli ýüze çykýar.
❌ There are too much cars on the road.
✅ There are too many cars on the road.
❌ I have too many work today.
✅ I have too much work today.
❌ I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
✅ I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
❌ The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
✅ The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
❌ We have a few time before the train.
✅ We have a little time before the train.
❌ There is a little chairs in the room.
✅ There are a few chairs in the room.
❌ Do you have some questions?
✅ Do you have any questions?
Bitarap soragda biz adatça any ulanýarys. Haýyşda ýa-da hödürlemede, some ulanyp bolýar: Biraz çaý isleýärsiňizmi?
❌ She gave me many useful information.
✅ She gave me a lot of useful information.
✅ She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)
Quantifiers Sözlemler
I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
Maňa bu howa ýaramaýar. Ýagyş juda köp, gün bolsa ýeterlik däl.
Maňa bu howa ýaramaýar. Ýagyş juda köp, gün bolsa ýeterlik däl.
There are too many tasks on my list today.
Şu gün meniň sanawymda gaty köp wezipe bar.
Şu gün meniň sanawymda gaty köp wezipe bar.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
Bizde petekleri satyn almak üçin ýeterlik pul bar.
Bizde petekleri satyn almak üçin ýeterlik pul bar.
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
Ähli talyplar üçin ýeterlik oturgyç ýok.
Ähli talyplar üçin ýeterlik oturgyç ýok.
The room is too noisy for studying.
Otag okuw üçin aşa şowhunly.
Otag okuw üçin aşa şowhunly.
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
Ol hemmeleriň düşünmegi üçin ýeterlik derejede haýal gürleýär.
Ol hemmeleriň düşünmegi üçin ýeterlik derejede haýal gürleýär.
I need a little time to think.
Maňa biraz pikirlenmek üçin wagt gerek.
Maňa biraz pikirlenmek üçin wagt gerek.
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
Biz sapar üçin birnäçe sandwiç satyn aldyk.
Biz sapar üçin birnäçe sandwiç satyn aldyk.
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
Bu çaýda kän şeker ýok.
Bu çaýda kän şeker ýok.
There aren't many shops near my house.
Öýümiň golaýynda kän dükan ýok.
Öýümiň golaýynda kän dükan ýok.
My brother has several books about space.
Meniň doganymda kosmos barada birnäçe kitap bar.
Meniň doganymda kosmos barada birnäçe kitap bar.
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
Bizde biraz çörek bar, ýöne biziň hiç ýagymyz ýok.
Bizde biraz çörek bar, ýöne biziň hiç ýagymyz ýok.
Quantifiers Mysallar
A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
Çorbada duz gaty köp, şonuň üçin ol myhmanlar üçin ýeterlik tagamly däl.
Çorbada duz gaty köp, şonuň üçin ol myhmanlar üçin ýeterlik tagamly däl.
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
Biz birnäçe çüýşe suw we azajyk iýmit getirdik, ýöne bu tutuş gün üçin ýeterlik däldi.
Biz birnäçe çüýşe suw we azajyk iýmit getirdik, ýöne bu tutuş gün üçin ýeterlik däldi.
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
Wokzalda adam köpdi, ýöne oturgyç kän däldi.
Wokzalda adam köpdi, ýöne oturgyç kän däldi.
