Quantifiers foydalanamiz
Miqdor bildiruvchi so‘zlar — miqdorni ko‘rsatadigan so‘z va iboralar: ko‘p, ozgina, bir necha, yetarli, juda ko‘p yoki haddan tashqari ko‘p. Ular Qancha? va Nechta? savollariga javob berishga yordam beradi.
There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
Londonda yomg‘ir juda ko‘p, quyosh esa yetarli emas.
Londonda yomg‘ir juda ko‘p, quyosh esa yetarli emas.
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
Bugun ishlarim juda ko‘p. Vazifalar juda ko‘p, ammo vaqt yetarli emas.
Bugun ishlarim juda ko‘p. Vazifalar juda ko‘p, ammo vaqt yetarli emas.
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
Yashil shlyapa juda katta edi, ammo ko‘k shlyapa yetarlicha katta edi.
Yashil shlyapa juda katta edi, ammo ko‘k shlyapa yetarlicha katta edi.
We have a few apples and a little milk.
Bizda bir nechta olma va ozgina sut bor.
Bizda bir nechta olma va ozgina sut bor.
Quantifiers Forma
Asosiy qoida shuki: avval sizda qanday turdagi ot borligini tekshiring — sanaladigan yoki sanalmaydigan.
| Ot turi | Foydalaning | Misollar |
| Sanaladigan otlar | many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | many tasks too many cars a few friends enough chairs |
| Sanalmaydigan otlar | much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | much time too much rain a little milk enough money |
countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun
There are too many toys in our son's room.
O‘g‘limizning xonasida juda ko‘p o‘yinchoq bor.
O‘g‘limizning xonasida juda ko‘p o‘yinchoq bor.
You added too much salt to this soup.
Siz bu sho‘rvaga juda ko‘p tuz solib yubordingiz.
Siz bu sho‘rvaga juda ko‘p tuz solib yubordingiz.
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
Biz barcha mehmonlar uchun yetarlicha tort pishirdik.
Biz barcha mehmonlar uchun yetarlicha tort pishirdik.
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
Testni tugatishga yetarlicha vaqtimiz yo‘q edi.
Testni tugatishga yetarlicha vaqtimiz yo‘q edi.
Juda va yetarli sifatlar / ravishlar bilan
| Shakl | Ma'no | Misol |
| too + adjective / adverb | haddan tashqari, kerakligidan ko‘proq | This tea is too hot. |
| adjective / adverb + enough | etarlicha, yetarli | The blue hat was big enough. |
| not + adjective / adverb + enough | yetarli darajada emas, yetarli emas | The Christmas tree isn't tall enough. |
| enough + noun | yetarli miqdor / son | We have enough money. |
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
Qahva juda issiq. Uni juda tez ichmang.
Qahva juda issiq. Uni juda tez ichmang.
He plays well enough to win the championship.
U chempionatda g‘olib bo‘lish uchun yetarlicha yaxshi o‘ynaydi.
U chempionatda g‘olib bo‘lish uchun yetarlicha yaxshi o‘ynaydi.
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
Bu uy Mary sotib olishi uchun yetarlicha arzon.
Bu uy Mary sotib olishi uchun yetarlicha arzon.
Quantifiers Qoidalar
-
many va too many ni ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlating.
many / too many + plural countable noun
There are too many cars on the road.
Yo‘lda mashinalar juda ko‘p.How many students are there in your class?
Sizning sinfingizda nechta o‘quvchi bor? -
much va too much ni sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlating.
much / too much + uncountable noun
There is too much traffic in the city centre.
Shahar markazida tirbandlik juda ko‘p.How much money do you need?
Sizga qancha pul kerak? -
Juda ko‘p va haddan tashqari ko‘p “zarurdan ortiq” degan ma’noni anglatadi, va bu odatda muammo bo‘ladi.
I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
Men juda ko‘p shovqin bo‘lgani uchun uxlay olmayapman.There are too many people in this small room.
Bu kichkina xonada juda ko‘p odam bor. -
Enough ot bilan otdan oldin keladi: enough money, enough seats, enough time.
enough + noun
I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
Menda yangi noutbuk sotib olish uchun yetarli pul bor.There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
Xonada hamma uchun yetarli o‘rindiqlar yo‘q. -
Sifat yoki ravish bilan enough undan keyin keladi: big enough, quickly enough, interesting enough.
adjective / adverb + enough
The red hat wasn't big enough.
Qizil shlyapa yetarlicha katta emas edi.You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
Sen yetarlicha past ovozda gapirmading, shuning uchun chaqaloqni uygʻotib yubording. -
Bir necha ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi va “ba’zi, oz miqdor, ammo yetarli” degan ma’noni anglatadi.
I have a few ideas for the project.
Menda loyiha uchun bir nechta g‘oyalar bor.We invited a few friends to dinner.
Biz kechki ovqatga bir nechta do‘stlarimizni taklif qildik. -
A little va a bit of sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatiladi va “biroz, oz miqdor, lekin yetarli” degan ma’noni anglatadi.
There is a little milk in the fridge.
Muzlatkichda ozgina sut bor.We've got a bit of time before our train.
Poyezdimiz kelguncha biroz vaqtimiz bor. -
Few va little a siz ishlatilganda ko‘proq salbiy eshitiladi: “ko‘p emas / uncha emas, deyarli yo‘q, kerakligidan kam”.
She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
Uning do‘stlari kam, shuning uchun u o‘zini yolg‘iz his qiladi.We have little time, so we must hurry.
Bizda vaqt kam, shuning uchun shoshilishimiz kerak. -
Ko‘p va juda ko‘p sanaladigan ham, sanalmaydigan ham otlar bilan ishlatilishi mumkin. Kundalik ingliz tilida ular ijobiy gaplarda ko‘pincha much va many ga qaraganda tabiiyroq eshitiladi.
There are a lot of books on the shelf.
Tokchada juda ko‘p kitoblar bor.She gave me lots of useful information.
U menga juda ko‘p foydali ma’lumot berdi. -
Some ijobiy gaplarda ko‘proq qo‘llanadi, any esa savol va inkor gaplarda ko‘p ishlatiladi. Ammo some ijobiy javob kutganimizda so‘rov va takliflarda ham qo‘llanadi.
We bought some apples.
Biz bir nechta olma sotib oldik.Do you have any questions?
Savollaringiz bormi?Would you like some tea?
Choy ichasizmi?
Quantifiers Inkor
Inkоr gaplarda biz ko‘pincha not enough, not much, not many va not any dan foydalanamiz.
-
not enough + noun “kerakli miqdor yoki sondan kam” degan ma’noni anglatadi.
We don't have enough time to finish the test.
Testni tugatish uchun yetarli vaqtimiz yo‘q.There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
Hamma uchun yetarlicha stullar yo‘q. -
not + adjective / adverb + enough “sifat yoki daraja jihatidan yetarli emas” degan ma’noni anglatadi.
This book is not interesting enough.
Bu kitob yetarlicha qiziqarli emas.You didn't write clearly enough.
Siz yetarlicha aniq yozmadingiz. -
Hisoblab bo‘lmaydigan otlar bilan not muchni, ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan otlar bilan esa not manyni ishlating.
There isn't much food left.
Ko‘p ovqat qolmadi.There aren't many people in the office today.
Bugun ofisda odamlar unchalik ko‘p emas. -
Any ko‘pincha inkor fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi.
I don't have any money with me.
Menda pul yo‘q.We didn't buy any vegetables.
Biz hech qanday sabzavot sotib olmadik.
Quantifiers Savollar
Miqdor haqida so‘rash uchun sanaladigan otlar bilan How many...?, sanalmaydigan otlar bilan esa How much...? dan foydalaning.
How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?
How many tasks do you have today?
Bugun nechta vazifangiz bor?
Bugun nechta vazifangiz bor?
How much work do you have today?
Bugun qancha ishingiz bor?
Bugun qancha ishingiz bor?
Do we have enough time?
Bizda yetarlicha vaqt bormi?
Bizda yetarlicha vaqt bormi?
Are there enough seats for everyone?
Hamma uchun yetarli o‘rindiqlar bormi?
Hamma uchun yetarli o‘rindiqlar bormi?
Is the coffee too hot?
Qahva juda issiqmi?
Qahva juda issiqmi?
Would you like some tea?
Choy ichasizmi?
Choy ichasizmi?
Quantifiers Odatdagi xatolar
Odatdagi xatolar o‘rganuvchilar sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni chalkashtirib yuborgani yoki enoughni noto‘g‘ri joyga qo‘ygani uchun yuz beradi.
❌ There are too much cars on the road.
✅ There are too many cars on the road.
❌ I have too many work today.
✅ I have too much work today.
❌ I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
✅ I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
❌ The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
✅ The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
❌ We have a few time before the train.
✅ We have a little time before the train.
❌ There is a little chairs in the room.
✅ There are a few chairs in the room.
❌ Do you have some questions?
✅ Do you have any questions?
Neytral savolda odatda any ishlatiladi. Iltimos yoki taklifda some ham mumkin: Biroz choy xohlaysizmi?
❌ She gave me many useful information.
✅ She gave me a lot of useful information.
✅ She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)
Quantifiers Gaplar
I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
Menga bu ob-havo yoqmaydi. Yomg'ir juda ko'p, quyosh esa yetarli emas.
Menga bu ob-havo yoqmaydi. Yomg'ir juda ko'p, quyosh esa yetarli emas.
There are too many tasks on my list today.
Bugun ro‘yxatimda juda ko‘p vazifalar bor.
Bugun ro‘yxatimda juda ko‘p vazifalar bor.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
Bizda chiptalarni sotib olish uchun yetarli pul bor.
Bizda chiptalarni sotib olish uchun yetarli pul bor.
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
Barcha talabalar uchun yetarli o‘rinlar yo‘q.
Barcha talabalar uchun yetarli o‘rinlar yo‘q.
The room is too noisy for studying.
Xona o‘qish uchun juda shovqinli.
Xona o‘qish uchun juda shovqinli.
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
U hamma tushunishi uchun yetarlicha sekin gapiradi.
U hamma tushunishi uchun yetarlicha sekin gapiradi.
I need a little time to think.
Menga biroz o‘ylab olish uchun vaqt kerak.
Menga biroz o‘ylab olish uchun vaqt kerak.
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
Safar uchun bir nechta sendvich sotib oldik.
Safar uchun bir nechta sendvich sotib oldik.
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
Bu choyda unchalik ko‘p shakar yo‘q.
Bu choyda unchalik ko‘p shakar yo‘q.
There aren't many shops near my house.
Uyim yaqinida ko‘p do‘konlar yo‘q.
Uyim yaqinida ko‘p do‘konlar yo‘q.
My brother has several books about space.
Akamning fazo haqida bir nechta kitoblari bor.
Akamning fazo haqida bir nechta kitoblari bor.
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
Bizda biroz non bor, lekin sariyog‘ yo‘q.
Bizda biroz non bor, lekin sariyog‘ yo‘q.
Quantifiers Misollar
A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
Sho‘rvada tuz juda ko‘p, shuning uchun u mehmonlar uchun yetarlicha mazali emas.
Sho‘rvada tuz juda ko‘p, shuning uchun u mehmonlar uchun yetarlicha mazali emas.
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
Biz bir necha shisha suv va ozgina ovqat olib keldik, ammo bu butun kun uchun yetarli emas edi.
Biz bir necha shisha suv va ozgina ovqat olib keldik, ammo bu butun kun uchun yetarli emas edi.
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
Vokzalda juda ko‘p odam bor edi, lekin o‘rindiqlar ko‘p emas edi.
Vokzalda juda ko‘p odam bor edi, lekin o‘rindiqlar ko‘p emas edi.
