Demonstrative Pronouns: stavki, vaje, testi in primeri

Demonstrative Pronouns uporabljamo

Kazalni zaimki so besede this, that, these in those. Pomagajo nam pokazati na osebo, stvar, skupino stvari ali idejo: blizu ali daleč, v ednini ali množini.

Do you like this picture?
Ali ti je ta slika všeč?
These flowers are for you.
Te rože so zate.
Do you like that picture?
Ti je všeč ta slika?
Who are those people?
Kdo so tisti ljudje?
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
To je lep hotel, vendar je zelo drag.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Katere čevlje imaš raje — te ali one?

Demonstrative Pronouns Oblika

Oblika je odvisna od dveh stvari: ednina ali množina in blizu ali daleč. Te besede lahko stojijo pred samostalnikom ali pa samostojno, brez samostalnika.

Obrazec Število Razdalja / pomen Primer
this ednina blizu, tukaj, zdaj This bag is mine.
these množina blizu, tukaj These books are new.
that ednina daleč, tam, že rečeno / zgodilo se je That picture is beautiful.
those množina daleč, tam Those people are my neighbours.

near + singular: this
near + plural: these
far + singular: that
far + plural: those

Z samostalnikom in brez samostalnika

Vrsta Obrazec Primer
pred samostalnikom this / that / these / those + noun Do you like this picture?
Those apples look nice.
brez samostalnika this / that / these / those alone This is my bag.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
This hotel is expensive, but it is very nice.
Ta hotel je drag, vendar je zelo prijeten.
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
To je lep hotel, vendar je zelo drag.
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
Ali so ti všeč ti čevlji? Kupil sem jih prejšnji teden.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Katere čevlje imaš raje — te ali one?

Demonstrative Pronouns Pravilo

  • Uporabljajte this in these za stvari, ki so blizu govorca: fizično blizu, na sliki, v vaših rokah ali v trenutni situaciji.
    This phone is new.
    Ta telefon je nov.
    These flowers are for you.
    Te rože so zate.
    Look at this photo.
    Poglej to fotografijo.
  • Uporabite that in those za stvari, ki so dlje od govorca: fizično oddaljene, »tam«, bližje poslušalcu ali niso več v sedanjem trenutku.
    Do you like that picture?
    Ti je všeč ta slika?
    Who are those people?
    Kdo so tisti ljudje?
    That shop across the street is closed.
    Tista trgovina čez cesto je zaprta.
  • Ta in tisti se uporabljata z samostalniki v ednini. Lahko se uporabljata tudi z neštevnimi samostalniki.

    this / that + singular noun
    this / that + uncountable noun

    This exercise is easy.
    Ta vaja je enostavna.
    That water tastes strange.
    Ta voda ima čuden okus.
    This music makes me happy.
    Ta glasba me osrečuje.
  • Te in tiste se uporabljajo samo z množinskimi samostalniki.

    these / those + plural noun

    These shoes are comfortable.
    Ti čevlji so udobni.
    Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
    Ta jabolka izgledajo lepo. Ali lahko dobim eno?
  • Ko se this / that / these / those uporabljajo brez samostalnika, nadomestijo stvar, osebo ali idejo, ki je jasna iz situacije.
    Come and look at this.
    Pridi in poglej to.
    Can I have one of these?
    Lahko dobim eno od teh?
    I do not like those. They are too expensive.
    Tistih ne maram. Preveč dragi so.
  • To se pogosto nanaša na nekaj, kar se je pravkar zgodilo, ali na to, kar je nekdo pravkar rekel.
    A: I am sorry I forgot to phone you.
    B: That's all right.
    That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
    To je bil res zelo dober obrok. Najlepša hvala.
    A: Martin has got a new job.
    B: Has he? I did not know that.
  • Po telefonu pogosto uporabljamo To je ..., da povemo, kdo govori, in Je to ...?, da vprašamo, kdo je na liniji.
    Hi Sarah, this is David.
    Živjo Sarah, tukaj David.
    Is that Sarah?
    Je to Sarah?
  • Za predstavljanje ljudi uporabite To je ... za eno osebo in To so ... za več oseb.
    Brian, this is Chris.
    Brian, to je Chris.
    These are my parents.
    To sta moja starša.
  • V časovnih izrazih this pogosto pomeni trenutno ali najbližje obdobje: to jutro, ta teden, to leto. That se lahko nanaša na preteklost ali na časovno obdobje, ki je bilo že omenjeno.
    I am very busy this week.
    Ta teden sem zelo zaposlen.
    We met in Paris in 2019. That year was unforgettable.
    Srečala sva se v Parizu leta 2019. Tisto leto je bilo nepozabno.

Demonstrative Pronouns Vprašanja

V vprašanjih uskladite this / that / these / those z glagolom be: uporabite is za ednino in are za množino.

Is + this / that + singular noun?
Are + these / those + plural noun?
What / Who + is + this / that?
What / Who + are + these / those?

Is this your bag?
Je to tvoja torba?
Are these your keys?
So to vaši ključi?
Is that your brother over there?
Je to tvoj brat tamle?
Are those your books?
Ali so to tvoje knjige?
What is this?
Kaj je to?
Who is that?
Kdo je to?
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Katere čevlje imaš raje — te ali one?
Do you like this picture?
Ali ti je ta slika všeč?

Demonstrative Pronouns Tipične napake

Pogoste napake so običajno povezane s številom: this / that se ne more uporabljati z množinskimi samostalniki, these / those pa potrebujejo glagol are.

❌ This are my books.
✅ These are my books.
❌ This is new shoes.
✅ These are new shoes.
❌ Those is their bags.
✅ Those are their bags.
❌ That people are very friendly.
✅ Those people are very friendly.
❌ I like this apples.
✅ I like these apples.
❌ These is my friend.
✅ This is my friend.
❌ What are this?
✅ What is this?
❌ Are that your keys?
✅ Are those your keys?
❌ This are my parents.
✅ These are my parents.
❌ I like those car.
✅ I like that car.
✅ I like those cars.

Demonstrative Pronouns Stavki

This is my notebook.
To je moj zvezek.
This picture is very old.
Ta slika je zelo stara.
This water is cold.
Ta voda je mrzla.
These are my favourite shoes.
To so moji najljubši čevlji.
These flowers are for my teacher.
Te rože so za mojo učiteljico.
That is my school over there.
Tamle je moja šola.
That picture on the wall is beautiful.
Ta slika na steni je lepa.
Those people are waiting for the bus.
Tisti ljudje čakajo na avtobus.
Those apples look delicious.
Tista jabolka izgledajo slastno.
I bought these shoes last week.
Prejšnji teden sem kupil te čevlje.
Can you pass me that book, please?
Mi lahko podaš tisto knjigo, prosim?
I am sorry about that.
Žal mi je zaradi tega.
That was a really nice meal.
To je bil res dober obrok.
Hi, this is Anna speaking.
Pozdravljeni, tukaj Anna.
These are my classmates.
To so moji sošolci.

Demonstrative Pronouns Primeri

A: Do you like this picture?
B: Yes, I do. This is my favourite picture in the room.
A: Are these your books?
B: Yes, they are. These books are for my English class.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my neighbour.
A: Who are those people?
B: Those are my cousins from Canada.
A: Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
B: I prefer these. They are more comfortable.
A: I am going on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that's nice!
A: Hi Sarah, this is David.
B: Hi David. Nice to hear from you.
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris — nice to meet you.
This week I am busy, but next week I will have more free time.
Ta teden sem zaposlen, vendar bom naslednji teden imel več prostega časa.
We watched a film yesterday. That film was very funny.
Včeraj smo gledali film. Ta film je bil zelo smešen.

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Uporabite to vajo, da preverite, ali lahko v resničnem stavku uporabite kazalne zaimke.

Vaje angleške slovnice, ki so na voljo v aplikaciji

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural