Pronouns uporabljamo
Zaimki v tej lekciji so naprednejši zaimki in strukture: splošni zaimki you / we / one / they, uvodni it, struktura there + be, povratni zaimki myself / yourself... in vzajemni zaimki each other / one another.
They say it's unusual for a woman to be a soldier.
Pravijo, da je nenavadno, da je ženska vojak.
Pravijo, da je nenavadno, da je ženska vojak.
We must always ask ourselves, what is worth fighting for?
Vedno se moramo vprašati, za kaj se je vredno boriti?
Vedno se moramo vprašati, za kaj se je vredno boriti?
I blame myself for what happened.
Krivim se za to, kar se je zgodilo.
Krivim se za to, kar se je zgodilo.
It's been a long time since we have talked to each other.
Minilo je že veliko časa, odkar sva se pogovarjala.
Minilo je že veliko časa, odkar sva se pogovarjala.
There may be more worthy causes than you think.
Morda je več vrednih razlogov, kot si misliš.
Morda je več vrednih razlogov, kot si misliš.
Pronouns Oblika
1. Splošni zaimki
Splošni zaimki se nanašajo na ljudi na splošno, ne na eno določeno osebo. Pomagajo nam tvoriti splošne trditve.
| Obrazec | Slog / pomen | Primer |
| you | najpogostejši način za pomen »katera koli oseba« | When you get a pet, you accept responsibilities. |
| we | govorec vključuje sebe in poslušalce / družbo | As members of society, we should help each other. |
| one / one's | formalen, pogosto uporabljen v pisanju | In a foreign country, one may feel lost. |
| they | ljudje na splošno, oblasti/organizacije ali oseba, katere spol ni znan ali ni pomemben | They say it's dangerous to go out after dark. |
2. It in there
| Struktura | Kdaj uporabiti | Primer |
| it | čas, vreme, temperatura, razdalja | It's 5 o'clock. It's raining. It's 20 °C outside. |
| it + adjective + to V | uvodna tema pred ocenjevanjem | It was very nice to talk to you again. |
| there + be | reči, da nekaj obstaja ali je nekje prisotno | There is an airport outside of town. |
3. Povratni zaimki
| Zadeva | Povratni zaimek | Primer |
| I | myself | I cut myself. |
| you singular | yourself | You should be proud of yourself. |
| he | himself | He went there by himself. |
| she | herself | She made dinner herself. |
| it | itself | The door opened by itself. |
| we | ourselves | We painted the house ourselves. |
| you plural | yourselves | Help yourselves to tea. |
| they | themselves | They introduced themselves. |
4. Vzajemni zaimki
| Obrazec | Pomen | Primer |
| each other | A nekaj naredi B-ju, in B nekaj naredi A-ju | They understand each other. |
| one another | skoraj enako, nekoliko bolj formalno | We don't see one another very often. |
| each other's / one another's | vzajemna posest | They know each other's secrets. |
Pronouns Pravilo
-
V vsakdanjem govoru uporabite you, ko govorite o kateri koli osebi. To ne pomeni vedno konkretnega poslušalca.
You have to be careful when you work with heavy machinery.
Pri delu s težkimi stroji moraš biti previden. -
Eden zveni bolj formalno. Če je potrebna svojilna oblika, uporabite one's.
One must never forget about safety.
Nikoli ne smemo pozabiti na varnost.It is often hard to understand what occupies one's thoughts.
Pogosto je težko razumeti, kaj človeku zaposluje misli. -
Oni lahko pomenijo »ljudje pravijo«, oblasti/organizacijo ali eno osebo, kadar spol ni znan ali ni pomemben.
They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.
Pravijo, da je nevarno hoditi ven po temi.I don't know who took my pen, but they had better give it back.
Ne vem, kdo je vzel moje pero, ampak bolje bo, da mi ga vrne. -
Uporabljamo it za čas, vreme, temperaturo in razdaljo. Tukaj se it ne nanaša na eno določeno stvar.
It's 100 metres to the station.
Do postaje je 100 metrov.It's raining.
Dežuje. -
Uporabite there + be, kadar želite povedati, da nekaj obstaja, je prisotno ali se nahaja nekje. Te strukture ne nadomeščajte z it is.
There is some chicken in the fridge.
V hladilniku je nekaj piščanca.There are two messages on your phone.
Na tvojem telefonu sta dve sporočili. -
Uporabljajte povratne zaimke, kadar sta osebek in predmet ista oseba ali stvar.
subject + verb + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves
I cut myself dicing tomatoes.
Urezal sem se med rezanjem paradižnikov na kocke.Why are you talking to yourself?
Zakaj se pogovarjaš sam s sabo? -
Povratni zaimek lahko tudi poudari, da je nekdo dejanje opravil sam ali brez pomoči.
We painted the house ourselves.
Hišo smo pobarvali sami.She cooked the whole dinner herself.
Sama je skuhala vso večerjo. -
Po večini predlogov lahko uporabite povratni zaimek, če se nanaša nazaj na osebek. Toda po krajevnih predlogih in po with v pomenu »v spremstvu« običajno uporabljamo predmetni zaimek.
✅ You should be proud of yourself.✅ I put my bag in front of me.✅ I'm taking my dog with me to France.
-
Nekateri glagoli so lahko v drugih jezikih povratni, vendar v angleščini navadno ne potrebujejo povratnega zaimka: umiti se, obriti se, obleči se, sprostiti se, pohiteti, odpreti se.
My dad always shaves in the morning before he dresses.
Moj oče se vedno obrije zjutraj, preden se obleče.Hurry up! We are late.
Pohiti! Zamujamo. -
Pri glagolu enjoy lahko uporabiš povratni zaimek, če za enjoy ni drugega predmeta.
✅ Did you enjoy the party?✅ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-
Z + povratnim zaimkom in sam/sama/samo pomenita »samostojno / neodvisno / brez pomoči«.
I'm home all by myself.
Doma sem čisto sam.Can you do this on your own?
Ali lahko to storiš sam? -
Drug drugega in eden drugega uporabljamo, kadar je dejanje vzajemno: A stori nekaj B-ju, in B stori isto A-ju.
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
Pri delu v ekipi je pomembno, da se med seboj razumemo.John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
John in Sally vedno uživata v družbi drug drugega.
Pronouns Vprašanja
Vprašanja so odvisna od zgradbe: za izražanje obstoja uporabite Ali je ...? / Ali so ...?; pri povratnih zaimkih uporabite običajni besedni red v vprašanjih; in drug drugega je pogosto v vprašanjih o medsebojnih dejanjih.
Is / Are there + noun + ...?
Did / Do / Does + subject + verb + reflexive pronoun?
Do / Did + plural subject + verb + each other?
A: Is there an airport outside of town?
B: Yes, there is.
A: Are there any seats in the room?
B: No, there aren't.
A: Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
B: Yes, I had a great time.
A: Do you live by yourself?
B: No, I live with my sister.
A: Do they know each other?
B: Yes, they work together.
Pronouns Tipične napake
Glavne napake so uporaba it is namesto there is, dodajanje nepotrebnega myself za običajnimi glagoli stanja, zamenjava predmetnih zaimkov s povratnimi zaimki po predlogih kraja in zamenjevanje themselves z each other.
❌ I feel myself unwell.
✅ I feel unwell.
❌ Are you hungry? It is some chicken in the fridge.
✅ Are you hungry? There is some chicken in the fridge.
❌ I put my bag in front of myself.
✅ I put my bag in front of me.
❌ I'm taking my dog with myself.
✅ I'm taking my dog with me.
❌ My dad always shaves himself before he dresses himself.
✅ My dad always shaves before he dresses.
❌ We looked at each other in the mirror. if each person looked at their own reflection
✅ We looked at ourselves in the mirror.
❌ We bought ourselves small gifts. if each person bought a gift for another person
✅ We bought each other small gifts.
❌ One must never forget about his safety.
✅ One must never forget about one's safety.
Pronouns Stavki
When you get a pet, you accept a set of responsibilities.
Ko dobiš hišnega ljubljenčka, sprejmeš vrsto odgovornosti.
Ko dobiš hišnega ljubljenčka, sprejmeš vrsto odgovornosti.
As human beings, we are responsible for our future.
Kot človeška bitja smo odgovorni za svojo prihodnost.
Kot človeška bitja smo odgovorni za svojo prihodnost.
One should be polite in a formal meeting.
Na uradnem sestanku je treba biti vljuden.
Na uradnem sestanku je treba biti vljuden.
They say this road is dangerous after dark.
Pravijo, da je ta cesta po temi nevarna.
Pravijo, da je ta cesta po temi nevarna.
It's five o'clock.
Ura je pet.
Ura je pet.
It's raining, and it's cold outside.
Dežuje in zunaj je mrzlo.
Dežuje in zunaj je mrzlo.
It was very nice to talk to you again.
Zelo lepo je bilo ponovno govoriti s tabo.
Zelo lepo je bilo ponovno govoriti s tabo.
There is an airport outside of town.
Zunaj mesta je letališče.
Zunaj mesta je letališče.
There are three books on the desk.
Na mizi so tri knjige.
Na mizi so tri knjige.
I cut myself while I was cooking.
Urezal sem se med kuhanjem.
Urezal sem se med kuhanjem.
You should be proud of yourself.
Moral bi biti ponosen nase.
Moral bi biti ponosen nase.
We painted the house ourselves.
Hišo smo pobarvali sami.
Hišo smo pobarvali sami.
I'm sorry, can you do this on your own?
Žal mi je, ali lahko to storiš sam?
Žal mi je, ali lahko to storiš sam?
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
Pri delu v ekipi je pomembno, da se med seboj razumemo.
Pri delu v ekipi je pomembno, da se med seboj razumemo.
John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
John in Sally vedno uživata v družbi drug drugega.
John in Sally vedno uživata v družbi drug drugega.
Pronouns Primeri
A: Why do people wear helmets here?
B: When you work with heavy machinery, you have to think about safety.
A: Is it far to the station?
B: No, it's about 100 metres from here.
A: Are you hungry?
B: Yes. Is there anything to eat?
A: There is some chicken in the fridge.
A: Did you hire painters?
B: No, we painted the house ourselves.
A: Do Jack and Mia know each other?
B: Yes, they are friends. They help each other after school.
My family left for the holidays, so I stayed home all by myself and cooked dinner on my own.
Moja družina je odšla na počitnice, zato sem ostal doma čisto sam in si sam skuhal večerjo.
Moja družina je odšla na počitnice, zato sem ostal doma čisto sam in si sam skuhal večerjo.
They say the exam is difficult, but if we help each other, we can prepare well.
Pravijo, da je izpit težak, vendar če si pomagamo drug drugemu, se lahko dobro pripravimo.
Pravijo, da je izpit težak, vendar če si pomagamo drug drugemu, se lahko dobro pripravimo.
