Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: stavki, vaje, testi in primeri

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. uporabljamo

Nekaj, karkoli, nič itd. so nedoločni zaimki. Pomagajo nam govoriti o ljudeh, stvareh ali krajih, kadar ne navedemo točne osebe, predmeta ali kraja.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Na televiziji ni nič zanimivega, zato bom nekaj prebral.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
Ali nocoj počneš kaj zanimivega?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Nihče ni prišel na Jeffovo zabavo, ker nikomur ni povedal datuma.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Želim iti nekam na toplo.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Oblika

Te besede sledijo preprostemu vzorcu: some / any / no / every + končnica za osebo, stvar ali kraj.

Pomen some- any- no- every-
ljudje someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
stvari / dejstva / dejanja something anything nothing everything
kraji somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • -body in -one skoraj vedno pomenita isto: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • Nihče se običajno piše kot ena beseda. Noone je napaka.
  • Ti zaimki navadno zahtevajo glagol v ednini: Vsi so ..., Nekaj je ..., Nihče ne ve ...
I saw somebody on the roof.
Na strehi sem videl nekoga.
Do you know anyone famous?
Ali poznate koga slavnega?
She didn't buy anything.
Ničesar ni kupila.
There is nothing to eat.
Ničesar ni za jesti.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Pravilo

  • Besede z some- se najpogosteje uporabljajo v trdilnih povedih, ko govorimo o nedoločeni osebi, stvari ali kraju.
    Someone is at the door.
    Nekdo je pred vrati.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Ann je morala kupiti nekaj novega.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Pojdimo nekam na mirno.
  • Besede z any- se najpogosteje uporabljajo v nikalnih stavkih in nevtralnih vprašanjih.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    V svoji omari ni mogla najti ničesar primernega.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    Je kdo videl moje ključe?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Svojega psa ne najdem nikjer.
  • V trdilnih povedih lahko anyone / anything / anywhere pomeni »katerakoli oseba / katerakoli stvar / katerikoli kraj«.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Vsak se lahko nauči angleščine z dovolj vaje.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Iz tega menija lahko izberete karkoli.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Lahko sedimo kjer koli želite.
  • Besede z no- so že nikalne, zato jih običajno uporabljamo s pozitivno glagolsko obliko.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Nič se ni zgodilo.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Nimam nikogar, s komer bi se pogovarjal.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Nikjer ni bilo mogoče parkirati.
  • Besede z every- pomenijo »vsi ljudje / vse stvari / vsi kraji«, vendar slovnično običajno zahtevajo glagol v ednini.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Vsem je ta učitelj všeč.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Vse je pripravljeno za zabavo.
    There are toys everywhere.
    Igrače so povsod.
  • Pridevnik stoji za nedoločnim zaimkom: nekaj zanimivega, kdor koli slaven, nekje toplo.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Na televiziji ni nič zanimivega.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Želim kupiti nekaj uporabnega.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    Ali poznate koga slavnega?
  • Po teh zaimkih pogosto uporabljamo to + infinitive: nekaj za piti, nič za početi, nekoga, da pomaga.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Rad bi nekaj za popiti, prosim.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    V tem mestu ni ničesar za početi.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Potrebujemo nekoga, ki bo razložil pravila.
  • Else pride za nedoločnim zaimkom in pomeni »drug / drugačen / več«.
    Can I ask you something else?
    Te lahko vprašam še nekaj?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Nihče drug ni vedel odgovora.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Če Tom ne more priti, bomo prosili koga drugega.
  • Za izražanje svojine lahko dodamo 's: torba od nekoga, plašč od kogarkoli, telefon od nekoga drugega.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    To je nečigav zvezek.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    Je to čigav plašč?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Zanikanje

V angleščini navadno ne uporabljamo dveh nikalnic v enem preprostem stavku. Zato izberemo en vzorec: bodisi nikalni glagol + any- ali trdilni glagol + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Po not / never / hardly / seldom običajno uporabimo any-, ne no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Če je nikalni zaimek osebek, uporabite no- in trdilno glagolsko obliko.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Vprašanja

V nevtralnih vprašanjih običajno uporabljamo anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. V prošnjah in ponudbah pogosto uporabljamo some-, ker pričakujemo pritrdilen odgovor ali ponujamo pomoč.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Ali je kaj v torbi?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Si na zabavi spoznal koga?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Ali si kje videl moje ključe?
Would you like something to eat?
Bi radi nekaj za pod zob?
Can somebody help me?
Mi lahko kdo pomaga?
Are you looking for someone?
Iščete koga?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Tipične napake

Najpogostejše napake so dvojne nikalnice, napačen položaj pridevnika, glagoli v množini po everyone / everything in zapis no one.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Stavki

Someone left a message for you.
Nekdo ti je pustil sporočilo.
I need something for my headache.
Potrebujem nekaj za glavobol.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Po službi pojdiva nekam na mirno.
Did anyone call while I was out?
Ali je kdo klical, ko me ni bilo?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
V hladilniku ni ničesar.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Nikjer nisem mogel najti svoje denarnice.
Nobody knew the answer.
Nihče ni vedel odgovora.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Ničesar ni bilo, kar bi ji ustrezalo.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
V bližini šole ni nikjer za parkirati.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Vsi so bili zadovoljni z rezultatom.
Everything looks different in the morning.
Zjutraj je vse videti drugače.
There were flowers everywhere.
Povsod so bile rože.
I want to tell you something important.
Želim ti povedati nekaj pomembnega.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Na konferenci ni spoznala nikogar zanimivega.
We have nothing to lose.
Nimamo ničesar izgubiti.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Primeri

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Ann je potrebovala nekaj za obleči, vendar ni našla ničesar primernega, zato si je kupila nekaj novega.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
V tem mestu ne poznam nikogar, vendar upam, da bom kmalu spoznal/-a koga prijetnega.

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Vaje angleške slovnice, ki so na voljo v aplikaciji

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural