Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. foydalanamiz
Something, anything, nothing va hokazo noaniq olmoshlardir. Ular aniq qaysi odam, narsa yoki joy ekanini aytmaganimizda, odamlar, narsalar yoki joylar haqida gapirishimizga yordam beradi.
Televizorda qiziqarli hech narsa yo‘q, shuning uchun men biror narsa o‘qimoqchiman.
Bugun kechqurun qiziqarli biror narsa qilyapsanmi?
Jeffning bazmiga hech kim kelmadi, chunki u hech kimga sanani aytmadi.
Men iliq joyga bormoqchiman.
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Forma
Bu so‘zlar oddiy bir qolipga amal qiladi: some / any / no / every + odam, narsa yoki joy uchun qo‘shimcha.
| Ma'no | some- | any- | no- | every- |
| odamlar | someone somebody |
anyone anybody |
no one nobody |
everyone everybody |
| narsalar / faktlar / harakatlar | something | anything | nothing | everything |
| joylar | somewhere | anywhere | nowhere | everywhere |
- -body va -one deyarli har doim bir xil ma’noni anglatadi: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
- No one odatda ikki soʻz sifatida yoziladi. Noone xatodir.
- Bu olmoshlar odatda birlikdagi fe’lni oladi: Everyone is..., Something is..., Nobody knows...
Men tomda kimnidir ko‘rdim.
Siz taniqli biror kishini bilasizmi?
U hech narsa sotib olmadi.
Yeyishga hech narsa yo‘q.
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Qoidalar
-
some- bilan yasalgan so‘zlar ko‘pincha ijobiy gaplarda, noaniq bir shaxs, narsa yoki joy haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi.
Someone is at the door.
Kimdir eshik oldida.Ann had to buy something new.
Enn yangi narsa sotib olishi kerak edi.Let's go somewhere quiet.
Keling, tinchroq joyga boraylik. -
any- bilan kelgan so‘zlar ko‘pincha inkor gaplarda va xolis so‘roqlarda ishlatiladi.
She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
U shkafidan mos keladigan hech narsa topa olmadi.Has anybody seen my keys?
Kimdir mening kalitlarimni ko'rganmi?I can't find my dog anywhere.
Men itimni hech qayerdan topa olmayapman. -
Ijobiy gaplarda, anyone / anything / anywhere “har qanday odam / har qanday narsa / har qanday joy” degan ma’noni anglatishi mumkin.
Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
Har kim yetarlicha mashq bilan ingliz tilini o‘rganishi mumkin.You can choose anything from this menu.
Siz ushbu menyudan istagan narsangizni tanlashingiz mumkin.We can sit anywhere you like.
Biz sizga yoqqan istalgan joyga o‘tirsak bo‘ladi. -
no- bilan boshlanadigan so‘zlar allaqachon inkor ma’nosiga ega, shuning uchun biz odatda ularni fe’lning ijobiy shakli bilan ishlatamiz.
no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb
Nothing happened.
Hech narsa sodir bo‘lmadi.I have nobody to talk to.
Menda gaplashadigan hech kim yo‘q.There was nowhere to park.
Mashina qo‘yishga hech qayer yo‘q edi. -
every- bilan kelgan so‘zlar “barcha odamlar / barcha narsalar / barcha joylar” degan ma’noni anglatadi, ammo grammatik jihatdan ular odatda birlikdagi fe’l bilan ishlatiladi.
Everyone likes this teacher.
Bu o‘qituvchi hammaga yoqadi.Everything is ready for the party.
Hammasi ziyofat uchun tayyor.There are toys everywhere.
O‘yinchoqlar hamma joyda bor. -
Sifat noaniq olmoshdan keyin keladi: qiziqarli narsa, mashhur kimdir, iliq joy.
There is nothing interesting on TV.
Televizorda qiziqarli hech narsa yo‘q.I want to buy something useful.
Men foydali biror narsa sotib olmoqchiman.Do you know anyone famous?
Siz taniqli biror kishini bilasizmi? -
Biz ko‘pincha bu olmoshlardan keyin to + infinitive ni ishlatamiz: ichish uchun biror narsa, qiladigan hech narsa yo‘q, yordam beradigan kimdir.
I'd like something to drink, please.
Menga ichishga biror narsa kerak, iltimos.There is nothing to do in this town.
Bu shaharchada qiladigan hech narsa yo‘q.We need someone to explain the rules.
Bizga qoidalarni tushuntirib beradigan kimdir kerak. -
Else noaniq olmoshdan keyin keladi va “yana bir / boshqa / ko‘proq” degan ma’noni anglatadi.
Can I ask you something else?
Sizdan yana bir narsa so‘rasam bo‘ladimi?No one else knew the answer.
Javobni boshqa hech kim bilmadi.If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
Agar Tom kela olmasa, biz boshqa birovdan so‘raymiz. -
Egalikni ko‘rsatish uchun 's qo‘shishimiz mumkin: kimningdir sumkasi, har kimning paltosi, boshqa birovning telefoni.
This is somebody's notebook.
Bu birovning daftari.Is this anybody's coat?
Bu biror kishining paltosimi?
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Inkor
Ingliz tilida biz odatda bitta sodda gapda ikkita inkorni ishlatmaymiz. Shuning uchun bitta qolipni tanlaymiz: yoki inkor fe’l + any- yoki bo‘lishli fe’l + no-.
not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere
-
not / never / hardly / seldom dan keyin odatda any- ni ishlatamiz, no- ni emas.
✅ I have never seen anything like this.❌ I have never seen nothing like this.✅ She hardly knows anyone here.❌ She hardly knows no one here.
-
Agar inkor olmoshi ega bo‘lsa, no- ni va fe’lning ijobiy shaklini ishlating.
✅ Nobody came.❌ Anybody didn't come.✅ Nothing will change my mind.❌ Not anything will change my mind.
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Savollar
Neytral savollarda biz odatda anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere ni ishlatamiz. So‘rovlar va takliflarda esa ko‘pincha some- ni ishlatamiz, chunki biz ijobiy javob kutamiz yoki yordam taklif qilamiz.
Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?
Xaltada biror narsa bormi?
Siz ziyofatda kim bilandir uchrashdingizmi?
Kalitlarimni biror joyda ko‘rdingmi?
Biror narsa yegingiz keladimi?
Kimdir menga yordam bera oladimi?
Siz kimnidir qidiryapsizmi?
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Odatdagi xatolar
Eng keng tarqalgan xatolar — qo‘sh inkorlar, sifatning noto‘g‘ri o‘rni, everyone / everything dan keyin ko‘plikdagi fe’llarni ishlatish va no one ning yozilishidir.
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Gaplar
Kimdir sizga xabar qoldirdi.
Menga bosh og‘rig‘im uchun nimadir kerak.
Ishdan keyin tinchroq bir joyga boraylik.
Men yo‘qligimda kimdir qo‘ng‘iroq qildimi?
Muzlatgichda hech narsa yo‘q.
Hamyonimni hech qayerdan topa olmadim.
Hech kim javobni bilmadi.
Unga mos keladigan hech narsa yo‘q edi.
Maktab yaqinida mashina qo‘yishga joy yo‘q.
Natijadan hamma mamnun edi.
Ertalab hamma narsa boshqacha ko‘rinadi.
Hamma yoqda gullar bor edi.
Men sizga muhim bir narsa aytmoqchiman.
U konferensiyada qiziqarli hech kim bilan uchrashmadi.
Yo‘qotadigan hech narsamiz yo‘q.
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Misollar
Annga kiyadigan biror narsa kerak edi, ammo u mos keladigan hech narsa topa olmadi, shuning uchun u yangi biror narsa sotib oldi.
Men bu shaharda hech kimni tanimayman, lekin tez orada yaxshi bir odam bilan tanishishga umid qilaman.