Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: abairtí, cleachtaí, tástálacha agus samplaí

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. úsáidimid

Is forainmneacha éiginnte iad rud éigin, aon rud, tada, srl.. Cabhraíonn siad linn labhairt faoi dhaoine, rudaí, nó áiteanna nuair nach sonraímid an duine, an réad, nó an áit go beacht.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Níl aon rud suimiúil ar an teilifís, mar sin tá mé chun rud éigin a léamh.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
An bhfuil tú ag déanamh aon rud suimiúil anocht?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Níor tháinig aon duine chuig cóisir Jeff mar nár inis sé don duine ar bith an dáta.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Ba mhaith liom dul áit éigin te.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Fhoirm

Leanann na focail seo patrún simplí: some / any / no / every + deireadh a bhaineann le duine, rud, nó áit.

Brí some- any- no- every-
daoine someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
rudaí / fíricí / gníomhartha something anything nothing everything
áiteanna somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • Is ionann beagnach i gcónaí -body agus -one: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • De ghnáth scríobhtar no one mar dhá fhocal. Is botún é noone.
  • De ghnáth glacann na forainmneacha seo briathar san uimhir uatha: Tá gach duine..., Tá rud éigin..., Níl a fhios ag aon duine...
I saw somebody on the roof.
Chonaic mé duine éigin ar an díon.
Do you know anyone famous?
An bhfuil aithne agat ar dhuine ar bith cáiliúil?
She didn't buy anything.
Níor cheannaigh sí rud ar bith.
There is nothing to eat.
Níl aon rud le hithe.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Riail

  • Is minice a úsáidtear focail le some- in abairtí dearfacha nuair a labhraímid faoi dhuine, rud, nó áit neamhshonraithe.
    Someone is at the door.
    Tá duine éigin ag an doras.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Bhí ar Ann rud éigin nua a cheannach.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Téimis go háit éigin ciúin.
  • Is minice a úsáidtear focail le any- in abairtí diúltacha agus i gceisteanna neodracha.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    Ní raibh sí in ann aon rud oiriúnach a fháil ina vardrús.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    An bhfaca aon duine mo chuid eochracha?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Ní féidir liom mo mhadra a aimsiú in áit ar bith.
  • I n-abairtí dearfacha, is féidir le aon duine / aon rud / áit ar bith ciall “duine ar bith / rud ar bith / áit ar bith” a bheith acu.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Is féidir le haon duine Béarla a fhoghlaim le go leor cleachtaidh.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Is féidir leat aon rud a roghnú ón roghchlár seo.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Is féidir linn suí áit ar bith is mian leat.
  • Tá focail le no- diúltach cheana féin, mar sin de ghnáth úsáidimid iad le foirm dhearfach den bhriathar.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Níor tharla aon rud.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Níl aon duine agam le labhairt leis.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Ní raibh aon áit le páirceáil.
  • Ciallaíonn focail le gach- “na daoine go léir / na rudaí go léir / na háiteanna go léir”, ach ó thaobh na gramadaí de, is gnách leo briathar uatha a ghlacadh.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Is maith le gach duine an múinteoir seo.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Tá gach rud réidh don chóisir.
    There are toys everywhere.
    Tá bréagáin i ngach áit.
  • Tagann aidiacht i ndiaidh forainm éiginnte: rud éigin suimiúil, aon duine cáiliúil, áit éigin te.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Níl aon rud suimiúil ar an teilifís.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Ba mhaith liom rud éigin úsáideach a cheannach.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    An bhfuil aithne agat ar dhuine ar bith cáiliúil?
  • Is minic a úsáidimid to + briathar sa bhunfhoirm i ndiaidh na bhforainmneacha seo: rud éigin le hól, faic le déanamh, duine éigin le cuidiú.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Ba mhaith liom rud éigin le hól, le do thoil.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    Níl aon rud le déanamh sa bhaile seo.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Teastaíonn duine uainn chun na rialacha a mhíniú.
  • Tagann eile i ndiaidh forainm éiginnte agus ciallaíonn sé “ceann eile / eile / níos mó”.
    Can I ask you something else?
    An féidir liom rud éigin eile a chur ort?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Ní raibh an freagra ar eolas ag aon duine eile.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Mura féidir le Tom teacht, iarrfaimid ar dhuine éigin eile.
  • Is féidir linn 's a chur leis chun seilbh a léiriú: mála duine éigin, cóta aon duine, fón duine eile éigin.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    Seo é leabhar nótaí duine éigin.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    An cóta le duine ar bith é seo?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Diúltú

I mBéarla, de ghnáth ní úsáidimid dhá dhiúltach in aon abairt shimplí amháin. Mar sin roghnaímid patrún amháin: ceachtar briathar diúltach + any- nó briathar dearfach + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Tar éis not / never / hardly / seldom, is gnách dúinn any- a úsáid, ní no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Más forainm diúltach an t-ábhar, bain úsáid as no- agus foirm dhearfach den bhriathar.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Ceisteanna

I gceisteanna neodracha, de ghnáth úsáidimid anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Iarratais agus tairiscintí á ndéanamh againn, is minic a úsáidimid some- mar táimid ag súil le freagra dearfach nó ag tairiscint cabhrach.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
An bhfuil rud ar bith sa mhála?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Ar bhuail tú le héinne ag an gcóisir?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
An bhfaca tú mo chuid eochracha áit ar bith?
Would you like something to eat?
Ar mhaith leat rud éigin le hithe?
Can somebody help me?
An féidir le duine éigin cabhrú liom?
Are you looking for someone?
An bhfuil tú ag lorg duine éigin?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Botúin choitianta

Is iad na botúin is coitianta ná diúltuithe dúbailte, suíomh mícheart aidiachtaí, briathra iolra i ndiaidh everyone / everything, agus litriú no one.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Abairtí

Someone left a message for you.
D’fhág duine éigin teachtaireacht duit.
I need something for my headache.
Tá rud éigin de dhíth orm do mo thinneas cinn.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Téimis go háit éigin ciúin i ndiaidh na hoibre.
Did anyone call while I was out?
Ar ghlaoigh aon duine orm agus mé amuigh?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Níl aon rud sa chuisneoir.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Ní raibh mé in ann mo sparán a aimsiú in áit ar bith.
Nobody knew the answer.
Ní raibh an freagra ar eolas ag éinne.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Ní raibh aon rud ann a d’fhéadfadh bheith oiriúnach di.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
Níl áit ar bith le páirceáil gar don scoil.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Bhí gach duine sásta leis an toradh.
Everything looks different in the morning.
Tá cuma éagsúil ar gach rud ar maidin.
There were flowers everywhere.
Bhí bláthanna i ngach áit.
I want to tell you something important.
Ba mhaith liom rud éigin tábhachtach a insint duit.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Níor bhuail sí le haon duine suimiúil ag an gcomhdháil.
We have nothing to lose.
Níl aon rud le cailleadh againn.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Samplaí

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Bhí rud éigin le caitheamh ag teastáil ó Ann, ach ní raibh sí in ann aon rud oiriúnach a aimsiú, mar sin cheannaigh sí rud éigin nua.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Níl aithne agam ar éinne sa bhaile seo, ach tá súil agam bualadh le duine deas go luath.

Cleacht anois féin

Neartaigh an riail i gcleachtas. Ní thógann sé ach 30 soicind.

Seiceálann IS freagraí agus míníonn sí botúin
Cleachtadh fuaimnithe
Na mílte cleachtadh ar rialacha éagsúla
Cleachtadh 1 as 5
Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.
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Leid

Bain úsáid as an gcleachtadh seo le seiceáil an féidir leat Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. a chur i bhfeidhm in abairt cheart.

Cleachtaí gramadaí Béarla atá ar fáil san aip

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural