Pronouns: sözlemler, maşklar, synaglar we mysallar

Pronouns ulanyarys

Bu sapakdaky çalyşmalar has kämilräk çalyşmalar we gurluşlardyr: umumy çalyşmalar you / we / one / they, tanyşdyryjy it, there + be gurluşy, özlük çalyşmalary myself / yourself... we özara çalyşmalar each other / one another.

They say it's unusual for a woman to be a soldier.
Olar aýdyşlaryna görä, aýalyň esger bolmagy adaty däl.
We must always ask ourselves, what is worth fighting for?
Biz hemişe özümizden soramalydyrys: näme ugrunda göreşmäge mynasyp?
I blame myself for what happened.
Men bolup geçen zat üçin özümi günäkärleýärin.
It's been a long time since we have talked to each other.
Biziň biri-birimiz bilen gürleşenimize köp wagt boldy.
There may be more worthy causes than you think.
Siziň pikir edýäniňizden has laýyk sebäpler bolup biler.

Pronouns Forma

1. Umumy çalyşmalar

Umumy çalyşmalar adamlary umumylykda aňladýar, belli bir adamy däl. Olar bize umumy pikirleri aýtmaga kömek edýär.

Forma Stil / many Mysal
you islendik adamy” aňlatmagyň iň giňden ýaýran usuly When you get a pet, you accept responsibilities.
we gürleýji özüni we diňleýjileri / jemgyýeti hem içine alýar As members of society, we should help each other.
one / one's resmi, köplenç ýazuwda ulanylýar In a foreign country, one may feel lost.
they umuman adamlar, häkimiýetler/guramalar ýa-da jynsy belli bolmadyk ýa-da möhüm däl adam They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.

2. Ol we there

Gurluşy Haçan ulanmaly Mysal
it wagt, howa, temperatura, aralyk It's 5 o'clock. It's raining. It's 20 °C outside.
it + adjective + to V bahalandyrmanyň öňündäki giriş mowzugy It was very nice to talk to you again.
there + be bir zadyň bardygyny ýa-da bir ýerde bardygyny aýtmak There is an airport outside of town.

3. Özüňe gaýtarylýan çalyşmalar

Tema Gaýtawul çalyşmasy Mysal
I myself I cut myself.
you singular yourself You should be proud of yourself.
he himself He went there by himself.
she herself She made dinner herself.
it itself The door opened by itself.
we ourselves We painted the house ourselves.
you plural yourselves Help yourselves to tea.
they themselves They introduced themselves.

4. Özara çalyşmalar

Forma Manysyny Mysal
each other A B-ä bir zat edýär, we B A-a bir zat edýär They understand each other.
one another tas birmeňzeş, azajyk has resmi We don't see one another very often.
each other's / one another's özara eýeçilik They know each other's secrets.

Pronouns Düzgünlik

  • Gündelik gepleşikde islendik adam barada aýdanyňyzda you ulanyň. Bu hemişe belli bir diňleýjini aňlatmaýar.
    You have to be careful when you work with heavy machinery.
    Agyr tehnikalar bilen işleýän wagtyňyz seresap bolmaly.
  • One has resmi eşidilýär. Eger eýelik görnüşi zerur bolsa, one's ulanyň.
    One must never forget about safety.
    Howpsuzlyk hiç wagt unudylmaly däldir.
    It is often hard to understand what occupies one's thoughts.
    Köplenç adamyň pikirlerini näme eýeleýändigine düşünmek kyn bolýar.
  • Olar “adamlar şeýle diýýär”, häkimiýetler/gurama ýa-da jynsy näbelli bolan ýa-da möhüm bolmadyk bir adamy aňladyp biler.
    They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.
    Olar garaňky düşenden soň daşary çykmagyň howpludygyny aýdýarlar.
    I don't know who took my pen, but they had better give it back.
    Galamymy kimiň alandygyny bilemok, ýöne ony yzyna gaýtarsalar gowy bolar.
  • Wagt, howa, temperatura we aralyk üçin it ulanyň. Bu ýerde, it belli bir zady aňlatmaýar.
    It's 100 metres to the station.
    Wokzal 100 metr uzaklykda.
    It's raining.
    Ýagyş ýagyýar.
  • Haçandyr bir zadyň bardygyny, barlygyny ýa-da bir ýerde ýerleşendigini aýtmak isläniňizde there + be gurluşyny ulanyň. Bu gurluşy it is bilen çalyşmaň.
    There is some chicken in the fridge.
    Sowadyjyň içinde biraz towuk eti bar.
    There are two messages on your phone.
    Telefonyňyzda iki habar bar.
  • Eger eýe bilen tamamlaýjy şol bir adam ýa-da zat bolsa, özlük çalyşmalaryny ulanyň.

    subject + verb + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves

    I cut myself dicing tomatoes.
    Pomidorlary dograýarkam, özümi kesdim.
    Why are you talking to yourself?
    Näme üçin özüň bilen gürleşýäň?
  • Gaýtargy çalyşmasy hem kimdir biriniň hereketi ýeke özi ýa-da kömeksiz ýerine ýetirendigini nygtap biler.
    We painted the house ourselves.
    Biz jaýy özümiz boýadyk.
    She cooked the whole dinner herself.
    Ol bütin agşamlyk naharyny özi bişirdi.
  • Köp goşulmalardan soň, eger ol sözlem agzasyna gaýdyp ýüzlenýän bolsa, özlük çalyşmasyny ulanyp bolýar. Emma ýer görkezýän goşulmalardan soň we “bilen” manysyndaky with-den soň, adatça gönükdirme çalyşmasyny ulanýarys.
    ✅ You should be proud of yourself.
    ✅ I put my bag in front of me.
    ✅ I'm taking my dog with me to France.
  • Käbir işlikler beýleki dillerde gaýtargyç bolup biler, ýöne adatça iňlis dilinde gaýtargyç çalyşmasyny talap etmeýär: ýuwunmak, syrynmak, geýinmek, dynç almak, howlukmak, açylmak.
    My dad always shaves in the morning before he dresses.
    Kakam elmydama geýinmezinden öň ertirine syrylýar.
    Hurry up! We are late.
    Tiz boluň! Biz gijä galýarys.
  • enjoy bilen, eger enjoy-dan soň başga bir obýekt ýok bolsa, özlük çalyşmasyny ulanyp bilersiňiz.
    ✅ Did you enjoy the party?
    ✅ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
  • By + gaýtaryjy çalyşma we on + eýelik kesgitleýjisi + own “ýalňyz / özbaşdak / kömeksiz” diýmegi aňladýar.
    I'm home all by myself.
    Men öýde ýeke özüm.
    Can you do this on your own?
    Muny özüň edip bilersiňmi?
  • Birek-biregi we biri-birini bir hereket özara bolanda ulanylýar: A B-ä bir zat edýär, B hem A-a şol bir zady edýär.
    Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
    Toparda işläniňde, birek-birege düşünmek möhümdir.
    John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
    John bilen Sally hemişe biri-biriniň ýanynda bolmakdan lezzet alýarlar.

Pronouns Soraglar

Soraglar gurluşa baglydyr: barlyk üçin Is there...? / Are there...? ulanyň; özlük çalyşmalary bilen adaty sorag tertibini ulanyň; we each other özara hereketler baradaky soraglarda köplenç ulanylýar.

Is / Are there + noun + ...?
Did / Do / Does + subject + verb + reflexive pronoun?
Do / Did + plural subject + verb + each other?

A: Is there an airport outside of town?
B: Yes, there is.
A: Are there any seats in the room?
B: No, there aren't.
A: Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
B: Yes, I had a great time.
A: Do you live by yourself?
B: No, I live with my sister.
A: Do they know each other?
B: Yes, they work together.

Pronouns Adaty ýalňyşlyklar

Esasy ýalňyşlyklar there is-iň ýerine it is ulanmak, adaty ýagdaý bildirýän işliklerden soň gerekmejek myself goşmak, ýer görkezýän söz öňlerinden soň obýektlik çalyşmalary özlük çalyşmalary bilen çalyşmak we themselves bilen each other-i bulaşdyrmakdyr.

❌ I feel myself unwell.
✅ I feel unwell.
❌ Are you hungry? It is some chicken in the fridge.
✅ Are you hungry? There is some chicken in the fridge.
❌ I put my bag in front of myself.
✅ I put my bag in front of me.
❌ I'm taking my dog with myself.
✅ I'm taking my dog with me.
❌ My dad always shaves himself before he dresses himself.
✅ My dad always shaves before he dresses.
❌ We looked at each other in the mirror. if each person looked at their own reflection
✅ We looked at ourselves in the mirror.
❌ We bought ourselves small gifts. if each person bought a gift for another person
✅ We bought each other small gifts.
❌ One must never forget about his safety.
✅ One must never forget about one's safety.

Pronouns Sözlemler

When you get a pet, you accept a set of responsibilities.
Haýwan edineniňde, sen onuň bilen bagly jogapkärçilikleriň bir toplumyny kabul edýärsiň.
As human beings, we are responsible for our future.
Adam hökmünde, biz öz geljegimiz üçin jogapkärdiris.
One should be polite in a formal meeting.
Resmi duşuşykda sypaýy bolmaly.
They say this road is dangerous after dark.
Aýdyşlaryna görä, bu ýol agşam garalansoň howpludyr.
It's five o'clock.
Sagat bäş.
It's raining, and it's cold outside.
Daşarda ýagyş ýagýar, sowuk hem.
It was very nice to talk to you again.
Siziň bilen ýene-de gürleşmek örän ýakymly boldy.
There is an airport outside of town.
Şäheriň daşynda howa menzili bar.
There are three books on the desk.
Stoluň üstünde üç kitap bar.
I cut myself while I was cooking.
Men nahar taýýarlaýan wagtym özümi kesdim.
You should be proud of yourself.
Özüň bilen buýsanmaly.
We painted the house ourselves.
Biz jaýy özümiz boýadyk.
I'm sorry, can you do this on your own?
Bagyşlaň, muny özüňiz edip bilersiňizmi?
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
Toparda işläniňde, birek-birege düşünmek möhümdir.
John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
John bilen Sally hemişe biri-biriniň ýanynda bolmakdan lezzet alýarlar.

Pronouns Mysallar

A: Why do people wear helmets here?
B: When you work with heavy machinery, you have to think about safety.
A: Is it far to the station?
B: No, it's about 100 metres from here.
A: Are you hungry?
B: Yes. Is there anything to eat?
A: There is some chicken in the fridge.
A: Did you hire painters?
B: No, we painted the house ourselves.
A: Do Jack and Mia know each other?
B: Yes, they are friends. They help each other after school.
My family left for the holidays, so I stayed home all by myself and cooked dinner on my own.
Maşgalam baýramçylyk üçin gitdi, şonuň üçin men öýde ýeke özüm galdym we agşamlyk naharyny özüm bişirdim.
They say the exam is difficult, but if we help each other, we can prepare well.
Olar synagyň kyn diýýärler, ýöne biri-birimize kömek etsek, gowy taýýarlanyp bileris.

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Maslahat

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Programmada elýeterli iňlis grammatikasy boýunça maşklar

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural