Demonstrative Pronouns: sözlemler, maşklar, synaglar we mysallar

Demonstrative Pronouns ulanyarys

Görkeziji çalyşmalar this, that, these we those sözleridir. Olar bize ýakynda ýa-da daşda bolan, ýekelik ýa-da köplükdäki adam, zat, zatlar topary ýa-da pikiri görkezmäge kömek edýär.

Do you like this picture?
Bu suraty halaýarsyňyzmy?
These flowers are for you.
Bu güller seniň üçin.
Do you like that picture?
Şol suraty halaýarsyňmy?
Who are those people?
Olar kimler?
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Bu gowy myhmanhana, ýöne ol örän gymmat.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Siz haýsy aýakgaplary halaýarsyňyz — bularymy ýa-da olary?

Demonstrative Pronouns Forma

Forma iki zada bagly: ýekelik ýa-da köplük we golaý ýa-da uzak. Bu sözler at sözüniň öňünden gelip biler ýa-da at sözi bolmazdan özbaşyna durup biler.

Forma San Aralyk / manysy Mysal
this ýeke-täk golaýda, şu ýerde, häzir This bag is mine.
these köplük ýakyn, şu ýerde These books are new.
that ýeke-täk uzakda, ol ýerde, eýýäm aýdyldy / boldy That picture is beautiful.
those köplük uzakda, ol ýerde Those people are my neighbours.

near + singular: this
near + plural: these
far + singular: that
far + plural: those

At bilen we atsyz

Görnüşi Forma Mysal
atdan öň this / that / these / those + noun Do you like this picture?
Those apples look nice.
isim bolmazdan this / that / these / those alone This is my bag.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
This hotel is expensive, but it is very nice.
Bu myhmanhana gymmat, ýöne ol örän gowy.
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Bu gowy myhmanhana, ýöne ol örän gymmat.
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
Bu köwüşler saňa ýaraýarmy? Men olary geçen hepde satyn aldym.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Siz haýsy aýakgaplary halaýarsyňyz — bularymy ýa-da olary?

Demonstrative Pronouns Düzgünlik

  • Gepleýjä ýakyn zatlar üçin this we these ulanyň: fiziki taýdan ýakyn, suratda, eliňizde ýa-da häzirki ýagdaýda.
    This phone is new.
    Bu telefon täze.
    These flowers are for you.
    Bu güller seniň üçin.
    Look at this photo.
    Bu surata seret.
  • Gepleýjiden has uzakdaky zatlar üçin that we those ulanyň: fiziki taýdan uzak, “ol ýerde”, diňleýjä has ýakyn ýa-da häzirki pursatda indi bolmadyk zatlar üçin.
    Do you like that picture?
    Şol suraty halaýarsyňmy?
    Who are those people?
    Olar kimler?
    That shop across the street is closed.
    Köçäniň aňyrsyndaky dükan ýapyk.
  • Bu we şol birlik atlar bilen ulanylýar. Olar sanalmaz atlar bilen hem ulanylyp bilner.

    this / that + singular noun
    this / that + uncountable noun

    This exercise is easy.
    Bu gönükme aňsat.
    That water tastes strange.
    Şol suwuň tagamy geň.
    This music makes me happy.
    Bu saz meni bagtly edýär.
  • These we those diňe köplük atlar bilen ulanylýar.

    these / those + plural noun

    These shoes are comfortable.
    Bu aýakgaplar amatly.
    Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
    Şol almalar gowy görünýär. Birini alyp bilerinmi?
  • Haçan-da this / that / these / those atsyz ulanylsa, olar ýagdaýdan düşnükli bolan bir zadyň, adamyň ýa-da pikiriň ýerine gelýär.
    Come and look at this.
    Gel-de, muňa seret.
    Can I have one of these?
    Men bulardan birini alyp bilerinmi?
    I do not like those. They are too expensive.
    Men olary halamok. Olar gaty gymmat.
  • Şol köplenç ýaňy bolan zada ýa-da kimdir biriniň ýaňy aýdan zadyna salgylanýar.
    A: I am sorry I forgot to phone you.
    B: That's all right.
    That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
    Bu örän gowy nahardy. Köp sag boluň.
    A: Martin has got a new job.
    B: Has he? I did not know that.
  • Telefonda biz köplenç gürleýän adamyň kimdigini aýtmak üçin Bu ... we liniýada kimiň bardygyny soramak üçin Ol ...my? ulanýarys.
    Hi Sarah, this is David.
    Salam Sarah, bu David.
    Is that Sarah?
    Ol Sarahmy?
  • Adamlary tanyşdyrmak üçin, bir adam barada Bu..., birnäçe adam barada bolsa Bular... ulanyň.
    Brian, this is Chris.
    Braýan, bu Kris.
    These are my parents.
    Bular meniň ene-atam.
  • Wagt aňlatmalarynda, this köplenç häzirki ýa-da iň ýakyn döwri aňladýar: this morning, this week, this year. That bolsa geçen zamana ýa-da eýýäm agzalan wagt döwrüne salgylanyp biler.
    I am very busy this week.
    Men şu hepde gaty işli.
    We met in Paris in 2019. That year was unforgettable.
    Biz 2019-njy ýylda Parižde duşuşdyk. Şol ýyl ýatdan çykmajak boldy.

Demonstrative Pronouns Soraglar

Soraglarda this / that / these / those sözlerini be işligi bilen gabat getiriň: birlik üçin is, köplük üçin bolsa are ulanyň.

Is + this / that + singular noun?
Are + these / those + plural noun?
What / Who + is + this / that?
What / Who + are + these / those?

Is this your bag?
Bu siziň sumkaňyzmy?
Are these your keys?
Bular seniň açarlaryňmy?
Is that your brother over there?
Ol ýerde duran seniň doganyňmy?
Are those your books?
Olar seniň kitaplaryňmy?
What is this?
Bu näme?
Who is that?
Ol kim?
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Siz haýsy aýakgaplary halaýarsyňyz — bularymy ýa-da olary?
Do you like this picture?
Bu suraty halaýarsyňyzmy?

Demonstrative Pronouns Adaty ýalňyşlyklar

Adaty ýalňyşlyklar köplenç san bilen baglanyşykly bolýar: this / that köpçülik sandaky atlar bilen ulanylyp bilinmeýär, we these / those üçin are işligi gerek bolýar.

❌ This are my books.
✅ These are my books.
❌ This is new shoes.
✅ These are new shoes.
❌ Those is their bags.
✅ Those are their bags.
❌ That people are very friendly.
✅ Those people are very friendly.
❌ I like this apples.
✅ I like these apples.
❌ These is my friend.
✅ This is my friend.
❌ What are this?
✅ What is this?
❌ Are that your keys?
✅ Are those your keys?
❌ This are my parents.
✅ These are my parents.
❌ I like those car.
✅ I like that car.
✅ I like those cars.

Demonstrative Pronouns Sözlemler

This is my notebook.
Bu meniň depderim.
This picture is very old.
Bu surat gaty köne.
This water is cold.
Bu suw sowuk.
These are my favourite shoes.
Bular meniň iň halaýan köwüşlerim.
These flowers are for my teacher.
Bu güller mugallymym üçindir.
That is my school over there.
Ine, ol ýerde meniň mekdebim.
That picture on the wall is beautiful.
Diwardaky şol surat owadan.
Those people are waiting for the bus.
Şol adamlar awtobusa garaşýarlar.
Those apples look delicious.
Şol almalar örän tagamly görünýär.
I bought these shoes last week.
Men geçen hepde bu köwüşleri satyn aldym.
Can you pass me that book, please?
Maňa şol kitaby berip bilersiňizmi, haýyş edýärin?
I am sorry about that.
Munuň üçin bagyşlaň.
That was a really nice meal.
Bu hakykatdanam örän gowy nahardy.
Hi, this is Anna speaking.
Salam, bu Anna gürleýär.
These are my classmates.
Bular meniň synpdaşlarym.

Demonstrative Pronouns Mysallar

A: Do you like this picture?
B: Yes, I do. This is my favourite picture in the room.
A: Are these your books?
B: Yes, they are. These books are for my English class.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my neighbour.
A: Who are those people?
B: Those are my cousins from Canada.
A: Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
B: I prefer these. They are more comfortable.
A: I am going on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that's nice!
A: Hi Sarah, this is David.
B: Hi David. Nice to hear from you.
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris — nice to meet you.
This week I am busy, but next week I will have more free time.
Bu hepde men işli, ýöne indiki hepde mende has köp boş wagt bolar.
We watched a film yesterday. That film was very funny.
Biz düýn bir film gördük. Ol film örän gülkünçdi.

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Demonstrative Pronouns
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Maslahat

Hakyky sözlemde görkeziş çalyşmalaryny ulanyp bilýändigiňizi barlamak üçin bu maşky ulanyň.

Programmada elýeterli iňlis grammatikasy boýunça maşklar

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural