Pronouns: rečenice, vježbe, testovi i primjeri

Pronouns koristimo

Zamjenice u ovoj lekciji naprednije su zamjenice i strukture: opće zamjenice you / we / one / they, uvodno it, struktura there + be, povratne zamjenice myself / yourself... i uzajamne zamjenice each other / one another.

They say it's unusual for a woman to be a soldier.
Kažu da je neobično da žena bude vojnik.
We must always ask ourselves, what is worth fighting for?
Uvijek se moramo pitati: za što se vrijedi boriti?
I blame myself for what happened.
Krivim sebe za ono što se dogodilo.
It's been a long time since we have talked to each other.
Prošlo je dosta vremena otkako smo razgovarali jedno s drugim.
There may be more worthy causes than you think.
Možda postoji više vrijednih razloga nego što mislite.

Pronouns Oblik

1. Opće zamjenice

Opće zamjenice odnose se na ljude općenito, a ne na jednu određenu osobu. Pomažu nam u iznošenju općih tvrdnji.

Obrazac Stil / značenje Primjer
you najčešći način da se kaže „bilo koja osoba” When you get a pet, you accept responsibilities.
we govornik uključuje sebe i slušatelje / društvo As members of society, we should help each other.
one / one's formalno, često se koristi u pisanju In a foreign country, one may feel lost.
they ljudi općenito, vlasti/organizacije ili osoba čiji je rod nepoznat ili nije važan They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.

2. Ono i tamo

Struktura Kada koristiti Primjer
it vrijeme, vrijeme, temperatura, udaljenost It's 5 o'clock. It's raining. It's 20 °C outside.
it + adjective + to V uvodni predmet prije evaluacije It was very nice to talk to you again.
there + be reći da nešto postoji ili je negdje prisutno There is an airport outside of town.

3. Povratne zamjenice

Predmet Povratna zamjenica Primjer
I myself I cut myself.
you singular yourself You should be proud of yourself.
he himself He went there by himself.
she herself She made dinner herself.
it itself The door opened by itself.
we ourselves We painted the house ourselves.
you plural yourselves Help yourselves to tea.
they themselves They introduced themselves.

4. Uzajamne zamjenice

Obrazac Značenje Primjer
each other A čini nešto B-u, a B čini nešto A-u They understand each other.
one another gotovo isto, malo formalnije We don't see one another very often.
each other's / one another's uzajamno posjedovanje They know each other's secrets.

Pronouns Pravilo

  • Koristite you kada u svakodnevnom govoru govorite o bilo kojoj osobi. To ne znači uvijek određenog slušatelja.
    You have to be careful when you work with heavy machinery.
    Morate biti oprezni kada radite s teškim strojevima.
  • One zvuči formalnije. Ako je potreban posvojni oblik, upotrijebite one's.
    One must never forget about safety.
    Na sigurnost se nikada ne smije zaboraviti.
    It is often hard to understand what occupies one's thoughts.
    Često je teško razumjeti što zaokuplja nečije misli.
  • Oni mogu značiti „ljudi kažu”, vlasti/neka organizacija ili jedna osoba kada je rod nepoznat ili nije važan.
    They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.
    Kažu da je opasno izlaziti nakon mraka.
    I don't know who took my pen, but they had better give it back.
    Ne znam tko je uzeo moju olovku, ali bolje im je da mi je vrate.
  • Koristite it za vrijeme, vremenske prilike, temperaturu i udaljenost. Ovdje se it ne odnosi na jednu određenu stvar.
    It's 100 metres to the station.
    Do stanice je 100 metara.
    It's raining.
    Pada kiša.
  • Koristite there + be kada želite reći da nešto postoji, prisutno je ili se nalazi negdje. Nemojte zamijeniti ovu strukturu s it is.
    There is some chicken in the fridge.
    U hladnjaku ima nešto piletine.
    There are two messages on your phone.
    Na tvom telefonu postoje dvije poruke.
  • Upotrijebite povratne zamjenice kada su subjekt i objekt ista osoba ili stvar.

    subject + verb + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves

    I cut myself dicing tomatoes.
    Porezao sam se režući rajčice.
    Why are you talking to yourself?
    Zašto razgovaraš sam sa sobom?
  • Povratna zamjenica također može naglasiti da je netko izvršio radnju sam ili bez pomoći.
    We painted the house ourselves.
    Sami smo obojili kuću.
    She cooked the whole dinner herself.
    Sama je skuhala cijelu večeru.
  • Nakon većine prijedloga možete upotrijebiti povratnu zamjenicu ako se odnosi na subjekt. Ali nakon prijedloga mjesta i nakon with u značenju „u društvu“, obično upotrebljavamo objektnu zamjenicu.
    ✅ You should be proud of yourself.
    ✅ I put my bag in front of me.
    ✅ I'm taking my dog with me to France.
  • Neki glagoli mogu biti povratni u drugim jezicima, ali u engleskom obično ne trebaju povratnu zamjenicu: oprati se, obrijati se, obući se, opustiti se, požuriti, otvoriti se.
    My dad always shaves in the morning before he dresses.
    Moj tata se uvijek brije ujutro prije nego što se obuče.
    Hurry up! We are late.
    Požuri! Kasnimo.
  • S glagolom enjoy možete upotrijebiti povratnu zamjenicu ako iza enjoy nema drugog objekta.
    ✅ Did you enjoy the party?
    ✅ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
  • By + povratna zamjenica i on + posvojna odrednica + own znače „sam / samostalno / bez pomoći”.
    I'm home all by myself.
    Sasvim sam sam kod kuće.
    Can you do this on your own?
    Možeš li to učiniti samostalno?
  • Each other i one another koriste se kada je radnja uzajamna: A učini nešto B-u, a B učini isto A-u.
    Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
    Radeći u timu, važno je razumjeti jedni druge.
    John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
    John i Sally uvijek uživaju jedno u drugome.

Pronouns Pitanja

Pitanja ovise o strukturi: za postojanje upotrijebite Is there...? / Are there...?; s povratnim zamjenicama koristite uobičajeni red riječi u pitanju; a each other je uobičajeno u pitanjima o uzajamnim radnjama.

Is / Are there + noun + ...?
Did / Do / Does + subject + verb + reflexive pronoun?
Do / Did + plural subject + verb + each other?

A: Is there an airport outside of town?
B: Yes, there is.
A: Are there any seats in the room?
B: No, there aren't.
A: Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
B: Yes, I had a great time.
A: Do you live by yourself?
B: No, I live with my sister.
A: Do they know each other?
B: Yes, they work together.

Pronouns Tipične pogreške

Glavne pogreške su korištenje it is umjesto there is, dodavanje nepotrebnog myself nakon običnih glagola stanja, zamjenjivanje objektnih zamjenica povratnim zamjenicama nakon prijedloga mjesta te miješanje themselves s each other.

❌ I feel myself unwell.
✅ I feel unwell.
❌ Are you hungry? It is some chicken in the fridge.
✅ Are you hungry? There is some chicken in the fridge.
❌ I put my bag in front of myself.
✅ I put my bag in front of me.
❌ I'm taking my dog with myself.
✅ I'm taking my dog with me.
❌ My dad always shaves himself before he dresses himself.
✅ My dad always shaves before he dresses.
❌ We looked at each other in the mirror. if each person looked at their own reflection
✅ We looked at ourselves in the mirror.
❌ We bought ourselves small gifts. if each person bought a gift for another person
✅ We bought each other small gifts.
❌ One must never forget about his safety.
✅ One must never forget about one's safety.

Pronouns Rečenice

When you get a pet, you accept a set of responsibilities.
Kad nabavite kućnog ljubimca, prihvaćate niz odgovornosti.
As human beings, we are responsible for our future.
Kao ljudska bića, odgovorni smo za svoju budućnost.
One should be polite in a formal meeting.
Treba biti pristojan na službenom sastanku.
They say this road is dangerous after dark.
Kažu da je ova cesta opasna nakon mraka.
It's five o'clock.
Pet je sati.
It's raining, and it's cold outside.
Pada kiša i vani je hladno.
It was very nice to talk to you again.
Bilo je jako lijepo ponovno razgovarati s tobom.
There is an airport outside of town.
Postoji zračna luka izvan grada.
There are three books on the desk.
Na stolu su tri knjige.
I cut myself while I was cooking.
Posjekao sam se dok sam kuhao.
You should be proud of yourself.
Trebao bi biti ponosan na sebe.
We painted the house ourselves.
Sami smo obojili kuću.
I'm sorry, can you do this on your own?
Žao mi je, možeš li to učiniti sam?
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
Radeći u timu, važno je razumjeti jedni druge.
John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
John i Sally uvijek uživaju jedno u drugome.

Pronouns Primjeri

A: Why do people wear helmets here?
B: When you work with heavy machinery, you have to think about safety.
A: Is it far to the station?
B: No, it's about 100 metres from here.
A: Are you hungry?
B: Yes. Is there anything to eat?
A: There is some chicken in the fridge.
A: Did you hire painters?
B: No, we painted the house ourselves.
A: Do Jack and Mia know each other?
B: Yes, they are friends. They help each other after school.
My family left for the holidays, so I stayed home all by myself and cooked dinner on my own.
Moja obitelj je otišla na praznike, pa sam ostao kod kuće sasvim sam i samostalno skuhao večeru.
They say the exam is difficult, but if we help each other, we can prepare well.
Kažu da je ispit težak, ali ako pomažemo jedni drugima, možemo se dobro pripremiti.

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Vježbe engleske gramatike dostupne u aplikaciji

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural